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September 1980 in “Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society” Dendritic cells help regulate skin development and hair growth in mice.
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January 1991 in “Electron Microscopy Reviews” 64 citations
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April 1992 in “Differentiation” Sciellin is a protein that helps form protective layers in skin, hair, and nails.
30 citations
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November 2012 in “Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences” Hard α-keratins stay stiff in water because the surrounding matrix keeps them dehydrated and strong.
April 2021 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” CTCF protein is essential for skin and hair follicle development in mice.
34 citations
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September 2007 in “Experimental Dermatology” The outer layer of Merino wool is rich in sulfur proteins, making it resistant to damage.
2 citations
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December 1973 in “Calcified tissue research” Epilation and DHT cause skin calcification by increasing ATP and calcium deposits.
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July 2015 in “Biogeosciences” A fungus is essential for forming and shaping hair ice on dead wood.
425 citations
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August 2002 in “BioEssays” The cornified cell envelope forms a protective barrier in skin and hair, using specific proteins and lipids to maintain effectiveness.
July 2024 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Cell movements and forces shape feather growth in chicken skin.
44 citations
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August 1990 in “PubMed” Keratins K1 and K10 are found in the inner root sheath and cuticle of human hair follicles.
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October 2009 in “Veterinary Dermatology” Canine claws have complex structures with different keratin types, similar to hair and nails.
2 citations
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January 2004 in “PubMed” Conditioners with PQ-10 soften the flat part of hair cuticles but harden the edges.
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January 1992 in “Experientia”
August 2024 in “Microscopy Research and Technique” The study identifies the pheromone gland's location and structure in Endoclita vietnamensis, aiding future pest control methods.
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November 2008 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Cystatin M/E helps in the final stages of hair and nail formation by controlling certain enzymes.
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January 1987 in “Current topics in developmental biology/Current Topics in Developmental Biology” Keratins change and are modified differently in skin layers and body parts.
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January 1992 in “The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine” Zinc made mice's coarse hair turn into fine hair without affecting skin structure.
30 citations
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January 1999 in “Journal of Cutaneous Pathology” Spiny keratoderma may be ectopic hair formation on palms and soles.
22 citations
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December 2016 in “PloS one” A specific protein in chicken embryos links early skin layers to feather development.
43 citations
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April 2010 in “Developmental Biology” Sebaceous glands can form new hair follicles when activated, but hair follicle bulges cannot.
Hair follicle stem cells are crucial for touch sensation and proper nerve structure in mice.
May 2020 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” The study found that certain genes are important for hedgehog skin appendage development and immunity, with spines possibly evolving for protection and infection resistance.
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May 2008 in “Development” Activating β-catenin can turn skin cells into hair follicles.
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February 1982 in “Cell and Tissue Research”
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November 2011 in “Veterinary pathology” The study found that mouse sweat glands develop before birth, mature after birth, and have specific keratin patterns.
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October 2002 in “Human molecular genetics online/Human molecular genetics” A gene mutation in mice causes skin defects and early death.
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October 1994 in “The Journal of Cell Biology” Too much keratin 16 in mice skin causes abnormal skin thickening and structure.
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March 1997 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”