48 citations
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July 1993 in “Archives of Dermatological Research” Merkel cells are abundant in facial vellus hair follicles, especially during the anagen phase.
27 citations
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May 2019 in “Cosmetics” The hair cuticle is made of tough proteins that protect the hair, but more research is needed to fully understand its structure.
59 citations
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August 1981 in “PubMed” Trichilemmal keratinization is a unique process in hair follicles where the outer root sheath turns into keratin without a specific layer.
9 citations
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February 2016 in “Anatomical Science International” Hair proteins change location and structure as hair cells mature.
35 citations
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September 1994 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” 3 citations
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March 2025 in “Science Advances” A specific DNA duplication in Polish chickens affects feather shape by altering gene expression.
8 citations
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February 1968 in “Australian Journal of Zoology” The southern elephant seal's skin layer helps waterproof the skin by being tightly connected to hair shafts.
17 citations
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May 1969 in “American Journal of Physical Anthropology” The silver marmoset's skin is thin, lacks pigment cells, and has unique features like keratinized spines and specialized glands.
April 2021 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” CTCF protein is essential for skin and hair follicle development in mice.
2 citations
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January 2002 in “Zhiwu Yanjiu” Capitate trichomes have more endoplasmic reticulum and vacuoles, while peltate trichomes have more plastids and larger subcuticular spaces.
45 citations
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April 2009 in “Journal of anatomy” Cat claws stay sharp by shedding their outer layer through microcracks formed during activities.
15 citations
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May 2010 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” The cell membrane complex in mammalian hair has three distinct types with different structures and chemical properties.
17 citations
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November 1967 in “American Journal of Anatomy” Hairless mice have longer hair follicles and abnormal structures during the catagen phase.
5 citations
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January 2022 in “Scientific reports” The research identified two types of keratinocytes in chicken scales: one for hard scales and another for soft skin, with similarities to human skin differentiation.
29 citations
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November 2011 in “Veterinary pathology” The study found that mouse sweat glands develop before birth, mature after birth, and have specific keratin patterns.
23 citations
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December 1977 in “Virchows Archiv B Cell Pathology” 17 citations
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August 2014 in “The Anatomical Record” Scaffoldin helps form hard skin structures in chicken embryos.
45 citations
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December 2007 in “The FASEB journal” There are two types of stem cells in rodent hair follicles, each with different keratin proteins.
62 citations
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January 2000 in “Developmental dynamics” Notch-related genes play a key role in the development and cycling of hair follicles.
20 citations
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December 2010 in “Journal of Morphology” Lizard claws have hair-like keratins similar to those in mammals.
33 citations
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October 2012 in “Journal of Morphology” Reptile skin hardens by layering beta-proteins on keratin.
207 citations
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September 1973 in “Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata” B-type hairs on female butterfly legs help them choose where to lay eggs.
5 citations
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January 2016 in “Stem Cells International” Certain skin cells near the base of hair muscles may help renew and stabilize skin, possibly affecting skin disorder understanding.
11 citations
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January 2016 in “Biointerphases” The hair's outermost surface has multiple layers of lipids and proteins.
November 2025 in “Veterinary and Animal Science” Camel hair structure, not color, helps camels stay cool in the desert.
82 citations
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January 2006 in “International review of cytology” Vertebrate skin evolved to be more specialized and complex, especially in land animals.
April 2018 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” The keratin network in mouse skin changes during cornification and affects the skin's protective barrier.
7 citations
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September 1980 in “Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society” Dendritic cells help regulate skin development and hair growth in mice.
26 citations
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April 1996 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” 29 citations
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December 2004 in “Developmental biology” cDermo-1 causes dense skin, feathers, and scales in chickens.