22 citations
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November 2008 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Cystatin M/E helps in the final stages of hair and nail formation by controlling certain enzymes.
28 citations
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September 1995 in “Biochemistry and Cell Biology” Merkel cells are more densely found in hairless skin areas like palms and soles.
128 citations
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March 1989 in “Experimental Cell Research” Hoxc13 is important for hair and tongue development by controlling hair keratin genes.
January 1996 in “TURKISH JOURNAL OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES” Brown bear skin has two main layers, with the thickest skin on the back and thinnest on the belly.
165 citations
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September 2001 in “Genes & development” CDP is crucial for lung and hair follicle cell development.
17 citations
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January 2013 in “Journal of Cutaneous Pathology” The onychodermis helps anchor the nail bed and may aid in nail formation.
3 citations
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September 2005 in “Experimental dermatology” The cornified envelope is crucial for skin's barrier function and involves key proteins and genetic factors.
January 1981 in “Purdue e-Pubs (Purdue University)” Pig skin is similar to human skin, with no major changes as they age.
February 2019 in “American International Journal of Humanities Arts and Social Sciences” The dermis of Millivora Capenesis has two layers with various connective tissues, blood vessels, glands, and sensory structures.
Skin stem cells in hair follicles are important for touch sensation.
65 citations
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December 2000 in “PubMed” The biology of skin and hair is complex and not fully understood.
16 citations
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June 2015 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” The enzyme DHHC13 is essential for healthy hair and skin, and its deficiency leads to hair loss and skin problems.
10 citations
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June 2022 in “Development” Gene regulation evolved differently in mouse and chicken skin, but remained stable in their trunks.
17 citations
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June 1990 in “PubMed” Hair varies in size and features depending on body region.
425 citations
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August 2002 in “BioEssays” The cornified cell envelope forms a protective barrier in skin and hair, using specific proteins and lipids to maintain effectiveness.
6 citations
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March 1996 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” 119 citations
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January 2000 in “British Journal of Dermatology” Different parts of the nail express different keratins, showing unique patterns of differentiation.
187 citations
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May 1988 in “Differentiation” Trichocytic cytokeratins are found in hair, nails, tongue, and thymus cells, showing complex regulation in tissue development.
1 citations
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July 2006 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” A 4kb fragment of the desmocollin 3 promoter targets gene expression to specific skin and hair follicle areas.
19 citations
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April 1999 in “British Journal of Dermatology” Keratin 2e shows a unique pattern in developing fetal skin, different from other keratins.
7 citations
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January 1992 in “Acta Histochemica” Porcine and human pilosebaceous units are very similar.
6 citations
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October 2009 in “Veterinary Dermatology” Canine claws have complex structures with different keratin types, similar to hair and nails.
92 citations
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April 2009 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” The Celsr1 gene is crucial for normal hair patterning in mice.
3 citations
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June 2020 in “Developmental Cell” Feather patterns are influenced by enhancers and chromatin looping, and the structure of protein complexes important for hair growth has been detailed.
1 citations
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October 2023 in “PROTOPLASMA” 20 citations
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September 2004 in “Journal of Anatomy” The inner root sheath evolved to help hair grow safely through the skin in mammals.
3 citations
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January 1998 in “ACTA HISTOCHEMICA ET CYTOCHEMICA” Hair keratins are mainly on macrofibrils in the cortex and in the endocuticle in the cuticle.
8 citations
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May 2005 in “The American journal of dermatopathology/American journal of dermatopathology” The hair defect is due to abnormal inner root sheath keratinization.
31 citations
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September 1996 in “Differentiation” The upper dermal sheath can regenerate hair in rats.
72 citations
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December 2018 in “Journal of Experimental Zoology Part B Molecular and Developmental Evolution” Corneous beta-proteins evolved uniquely in reptiles and birds, forming scales, claws, beaks, and feathers.