research Keratinization of sheath and calamus cells in developing and regenerating feathers
Feathers become harder as they develop due to a change in keratin type.
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research Decay of Skin-Specific Gene Modules in Pangolins
Pangolins have lost some skin-related genes, but kept others, leading to their unique scales and skin features.
research Comprehensive molecular and cellular studies suggest avian scutate scales are secondarily derived from feathers, and more distant from reptilian scales
Bird scales evolved from feathers, not reptile scales.
research Differential Expression of Genes Encoding a Cysteine-Rich Keratin Family in the Hair Cuticle
research Chiton integument: Ultrastructure of the sensory hairs of Mopalia muscosa (Mollusca: Polyplacophora)
research Hoxc13 and homologs of mammalian hair keratins are required for the cornification of nuptial pads in Xenopus frogs
Hoxc13 and hair keratin are needed for forming rough skin on frog mating pads.
research Structural features and sites of expression of a new murine 65 kD and 48 kD hair-related keratin pair, associated with a special type of parakeratotic epithelial differentiation
A new pair of mouse keratins, 65 kD and 48 kD, are found in specific skin areas and are linked to a unique skin differentiation type.
research Structural and Immunocytochemical Characterization of Keratinization in Vertebrate Epidermis and Epidermal Derivatives
Vertebrate skin evolved to be more specialized and complex, especially in land animals.
research Ultrastructural localization of hair keratin homologs in the claw of the lizard Anolis carolinensis
Lizard claws have hair-like keratins similar to those in mammals.
research The skin of primates. XLI. The skin of the silver marmoset—Callithrix (= Mico) Argentata
The silver marmoset's skin is thin, lacks pigment cells, and has unique features like keratinized spines and specialized glands.
research A histochemical examination of the epidermis of the southern elephant seal (Mirounga leonina L.) during the telogen stage of hair growth
The southern elephant seal's skin layer helps waterproof the skin by being tightly connected to hair shafts.
research Histomorphological studies on the skin of camel (Camelus dromedarius) [in Bangladesh]
Camel skin has typical mammalian layers, with hair follicles, glands, and muscles, varying by body area.
research Review: Evolution and diversification of corneous beta‐proteins, the characteristic epidermal proteins of reptiles and birds
Corneous beta-proteins evolved uniquely in reptiles and birds, forming scales, claws, beaks, and feathers.
research The regeneration of caudal epidermal specializations inLygodactylus picturatus keniensis (gekkonidae, Lacertilia)
Lizards can regrow their tail scales with the same structure, distribution, and gender-specific features as the original ones, and this unique ability is not seen in adult mammals.
research Catagen in the hairless house mouse
Hairless mice have longer hair follicles and abnormal structures during the catagen phase.
research Evolution of hard proteins in the sauropsid integument in relation to the cornification of skin derivatives in amniotes
Hard skin features like scales, feathers, and hair evolved through specific protein changes in different animal groups.
research Outer root sheath keratinization in anagen and catagen of the mammalian hair follicle. A seventh distinct type of keratinization in the hair follicle: trichilemmal keratinization.
Trichilemmal keratinization is a unique process in hair follicles where the outer root sheath turns into keratin without a specific layer.
research Cross‐linked features of mouse pelage hair resistant to detergent extraction
Two mouse mutants have defective hair cuticle cross-linking.
research Immunolocalization of Scaffoldin, a Trichohyalin‐Like Protein, in the Epidermis of the Chicken Embryo
Scaffoldin helps form hard skin structures in chicken embryos.
research Ultrastructural localization of hair keratins, high sulfur keratin-associated proteins and sulfhydryl oxidase in the human hair
Hair proteins change location and structure as hair cells mature.
research Known and Unknown Features of Hair Cuticle Structure: A Brief Review
The hair cuticle is made of tough proteins that protect the hair, but more research is needed to fully understand its structure.
research Morphological and histological observations on the hair brush of Endoclita vietnamensis (Lepidoptera, Hepialidae)
The study identifies the pheromone gland's location and structure in Endoclita vietnamensis, aiding future pest control methods.
research Inherited ichthyoses/generalized Mendelian disorders of cornification
Inherited ichthyoses cause widespread skin scaling and thickening due to gene mutations.
research Analysis of the hair coat of domestic catswith special focus on histological structure
Domestic cat hair varies in thickness and length, with guard hairs being longest and thickest, and all hair types mainly contain keratin.
research Differential Evolution of the Epidermal Keratin Cytoskeleton in Terrestrial and Aquatic Mammals
The study investigated the evolution of epidermal keratin genes in terrestrial and aquatic mammals, revealing that while keratins K5 and K14 were conserved across all mammals, K1 and K10 were lost in aquatic mammals like whales, dolphins, and manatees. In these aquatic species, K6 and K17, typically stress-induced in terrestrial mammals, were constitutively expressed, suggesting they replaced K1 and K10. Additionally, K2 and K9 were lost in both some terrestrial and aquatic mammals. The study highlighted the evolutionary diversification of the epidermal cytoskeleton, with cetaceans showing a complete replacement of predominant epidermal proteins by stress-inducible keratins.
research Structural analysis of the outermost hair surface using TOF-SIMS with gas cluster ion beam sputtering
The hair's outermost surface has multiple layers of lipids and proteins.
research Vainas peripilares
The girl's "dandruff" was actually harmless hair casts, not a hygiene issue.
research A highly resistant structure between cuticle and cortex of human hair
A tough membrane between the outer and inner layers of human hair protects it from damage.
research Ultrastructure of two types of glandular hairs of salvia farinacea benth during development
Capitate trichomes have more endoplasmic reticulum and vacuoles, while peltate trichomes have more plastids and larger subcuticular spaces.
research TARSAL CONTACT CHEMOSENSORY HAIRS OF THE LARGE WHITE BUTTERFLY PIERIS BRASSICAE AND THEIR POSSIBLE RÔLE IN OVIPOSITION BEHAVIOUR
B-type hairs on female butterfly legs help them choose where to lay eggs.