100 citations
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March 2006 in “Journal of biological chemistry/The Journal of biological chemistry” Cystatin M/E strongly inhibits cathepsin V and cathepsin L, important for skin formation.
66 citations
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October 2002 in “Human molecular genetics online/Human molecular genetics” A gene mutation in mice causes skin defects and early death.
22 citations
,
November 2008 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Cystatin M/E helps in the final stages of hair and nail formation by controlling certain enzymes.
10 citations
,
November 2018 in “Genetics in medicine” Lack of cystatin M/E causes thin hair and dry skin.
6 citations
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July 2021 in “Frontiers in Genetics” A gene variant causes a skin and hair disorder by disrupting protein balance.
September 2019 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Not having enough cystatin M/E protein causes less hair growth and dry skin.
118 citations
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January 2004 in “European Journal of Cell Biology” Balanced protease activity is crucial for healthy skin and hair development.
January 2025 in “International Journal of Gynaecology Research” Adolescent females with PCOS have higher serum cystatin C levels, indicating potential metabolic and cardiovascular issues.
146 citations
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May 2002 in “The American journal of pathology” Cathepsin L is essential for normal hair growth and development.
7 citations
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December 2020 in “Pharmaceutics” A mix of tocopherol acetate and L-menthol helps grow hair better than using them separately or using minoxidil.
4 citations
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May 2020 in “PLOS ONE” Ingenol mebutate gel changes gene expression related to skin development and immune response in actinic keratosis.
2 citations
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May 2023 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” Sebaceous glands can heal and regenerate after injury using their own stem cells and help from hair follicle cells.
January 2015 in “Indian Journal of Medical Biochemistry” Men with early balding should be checked for metabolic syndrome, as there's a link between the two.
January 2005 in “Seibutsu Butsuri/Seibutsu butsuri” Chemical treatments damage hair more than UV exposure, making it thinner and less flexible.
81 citations
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June 2012 in “European journal of human genetics” Inherited ichthyoses cause widespread skin scaling and thickening due to gene mutations.
6 citations
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November 2010 in “Histochemistry and cell biology” The proteins transthyretin and megalin are more present in the growth phase of hair, suggesting they might affect hair health and growth.
December 2024 in “Cureus” Baricitinib treatment for alopecia universalis can cause hair regrowth with unexpected whitening.
46 citations
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September 2023 in “Cell Reports” Sebaceous glands can regenerate after injury using stem cells from hair follicles.
19 citations
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April 2018 in “Clinical cardiology” Older men with low levels of a testosterone byproduct had a higher chance of developing an irregular heartbeat.
3 citations
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February 2023 in “Frontiers in Immunology” The IGRA test effectively detects past SARS-CoV-2 exposure, especially using nucleocapsid peptides.
1 citations
,
March 2025 in “Molecular Medicine Reports” Exosomes show promise in treating acute kidney injury by protecting and repairing kidney cells.
Testosterone's health effects are complex and not definitively understood.
14 citations
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October 2022 in “Journal of the American Heart Association” Lower testosterone levels may increase heart failure risk in older men.
January 2016 in “SpringerBriefs in bioengineering” Genetic defects and UV radiation cause skin damage and aging.
13 citations
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January 2020 in “Scientific Reports” The African spiny mouse heals skin without scarring due to different protein activity compared to the common house mouse, which heals with scarring.
January 2023 in “European endocrinology” People with alopecia have a higher risk of thyroid cancer.
15 citations
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December 2020 in “Pharmacology Research & Perspectives” Blocking enzymes that help the virus enter cells could be a promising way to treat COVID-19.
20 citations
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January 2003 in “Journal of oleo science” Chemical treatments and daily stresses damage hair, especially the cuticle layer.
16 citations
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December 2015 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Alopecia areata involves persistent gene abnormalities and immune activity, even in regrown hair, suggesting a risk of relapse.
2 citations
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July 2024 in “Skin Research and Technology” Copper may protect against alopecia areata, while certain inflammatory markers increase risk.