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RXR and RAR proteins in skin may help with cell growth, hair growth, and gland function.
Higher levels of heat shock protein 27 and lower levels of miR-1 can increase AR levels, leading to hair loss in men.
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March 2004 in “Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology” Using testosterone-stimulated weanling rats can effectively replace castrated rats for anti-androgen testing, reducing animal stress.
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July 1983 in “Journal of Steroid Biochemistry” Individuals with this condition often develop male traits and identities at puberty despite being raised as females.
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January 2010 in “International Journal of Dermatology and Venereology” Dermal papilla cells play a key role in hair loss by responding to androgens.
Testosterone in human pancreas cells boosts insulin production.
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January 2006 in “Skin Pharmacology and Physiology” High levels of testosterone and 5α-DHT can lead to cell death in cells important for hair growth.
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January 1992 in “Gynecological Endocrinology” 3α, 17β-androstanediol-glucuronide is not a useful marker for androgen excess but may help monitor certain treatments.
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September 2014 in “Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention” Certain genetic variants in the androgen receptor are linked to higher PSA levels, potentially affecting prostate cancer screening outcomes.
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March 2012 in “Mass spectrometry letters” The S9 fraction with GC-IDMS is effective for measuring 5α-reductase activity.
Estrogen and its receptors play a key role in hair growth, with differences between males and females.
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March 2007 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Retinoic acid production and signaling in hair follicles are regulated by location and timing, affecting hair growth and cycling.
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July 2020 in “Frontiers in immunology” Androgens may influence T cells, contributing to higher autoimmune liver disease risk in women.
March 2011 in “European Urology Supplements” The document concludes that a new biosensor can efficiently detect prostate cancer cells and that standardized referrals help find significant cancers effectively.
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July 2020 in “Research Square (Research Square)” The research helps understand how finasteride works and aids drug development.
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November 1983 in “British journal of dermatology/British journal of dermatology, Supplement” Testosterone increases hamster hair growth; cyproterone acetate reduces it.
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January 2017 in “Journal of Endocrinology/Journal of endocrinology” Female mice with disrupted 5α-reductase 1 had significant metabolic issues, including stress response problems, insulin resistance, liver fat buildup, and obesity.
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October 2022 in “International journal of endocrinology” Dihydrotestosterone changes some hormone-related gene expressions in rat pituitary glands but doesn't affect the estrous cycle.
August 2023 in “Frontiers in Oncology” New drugs and therapies targeting specific pathways show promise in treating advanced prostate cancer.
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April 2021 in “Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy” Clascoterone is a new, effective, and safe acne treatment without systemic side effects.
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November 2010 in “Experimental Dermatology” Vitamin C derivative reduces hair loss-related protein in cells.