May 2023 in “IntechOpen eBooks” More research is needed to understand how testosterone is maintained in adult males.
24 citations
,
October 2012 in “The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology” Testosterone protects female heart cells from stress by activating estrogen receptors.
11 citations
,
October 2020 in “General and comparative endocrinology” Male C57BL/6 mice show age-related fluctuations in certain hormones and their ratios in both blood and hair.
10 citations
,
January 2019 in “Archives of Endocrinology and Metabolism” Testosterone therapy may slightly increase sexual desire in women with HSDD but lacks broad recommendation due to safety concerns and limited approval.
7 citations
,
October 2024 in “Livers” Sex hormones affect liver fat and metabolic health differently in men and women.
63 citations
,
January 2010 in “Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience” 3α-androstanediol helps reduce age-related cognitive and mood declines in male rats, unlike testosterone.
1 citations
,
December 2021 in “Androgens” Testosterone and its metabolites affect brain functions and could help treat neurological disorders.
December 2023 in “International journal of molecular sciences” Chromosomal differences affect how muscle cells respond to testosterone.
37 citations
,
January 2009 in “Sexual Development” Fadrozole and Finasteride change frog sex ratios and cause intersex animals with altered gene expressions.
14 citations
,
September 1986 in “Archives of Dermatology” Women with low SHBG levels and a high 3a-diol G to SHBG ratio are likely to experience female pattern baldness, possibly due to a slight excess of androgens affecting sensitive hair bulbs.
November 2025 in “Journal of Medicine and Health Technology” No link between finger length ratios and color blindness was found.
4 citations
,
August 2010 in “Acta Biologica Hungarica” New steroidal compounds moderately block an enzyme related to testosterone conversion, less effectively than finasteride.
2 citations
,
June 2011 in “Expert Review of Dermatology” Female pattern hair loss involves thinning hair on crown and frontal scalp, diagnosed by hair ratio, and treated with minoxidil, antiandrogens, or hair transplantation.
1 citations
,
April 2022 in “AACE clinical case reports” A 36-year-old person with a female appearance but male chromosomes was diagnosed with a rare enzyme deficiency affecting sexual development.
March 2024 in “Journal of Evidence-Based Integrative Medicine” Teak leaf extract may effectively and safely promote hair growth in males with androgenic alopecia.
November 2012 in “Journal of the International AIDS Society” Antiretrovirals can affect finasteride's effectiveness, so dose adjustments may be needed for men on HIV treatment.
12 citations
,
January 2018 in “Pharmacology & pharmacy” Pumpkin seed products may help improve prostate and bladder health by blocking certain enzymes and hormone receptors.
December 2022 in “Scientific Reports” Compound 4 is a promising treatment for hair loss with low toxicity.
37 citations
,
February 2010 in “Psychoneuroendocrinology” Androgen self-administration might be controlled by membrane receptors, not nuclear ones.
24 citations
,
April 2008 in “Fertility and sterility” Pioglitazone improved insulin sensitivity and altered cortisol metabolism in PCOS patients.
61 citations
,
December 2001 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Steroid sulfatase in hair follicles may be a target for treating hair loss.
1 citations
,
February 2013 in “Steroids” Bone mineral and minocycline boost bone cell growth, aiding healing.
50 citations
,
November 2021 in “Viruses” Spironolactone may help reduce COVID-19 severity in men by blocking harmful effects of certain hormones.
10 citations
,
May 2017 in “Symmetry” Higher androgen levels are linked to less asymmetry in !Kung San males.
October 2025 in “Biomedicines” Terminalia chebula fruit extract helps hair growth by reducing DHT and boosting hair cell activity.
August 2025 in “ACS Omega” New compounds show promise as nonsteroidal treatments for hair loss.
October 2023 in “Georgetown medical review” Finasteride and Dutasteride can improve hair growth in male baldness but may cause temporary sexual dysfunction and possibly affect fertility.
149 citations
,
January 2011 in “Nature reviews. Urology” Hormonal interactions, especially involving DHT and estrogen, play a key role in BPH development and treatment.
43 citations
,
April 2011 in “AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism” Androgens increase muscle mass by promoting myoblast growth through ornithine decarboxylase.
8 citations
,
October 2013 in “Chemistry Central Journal” Metabolite 7 is a strong inhibitor for Alzheimer's disease management.