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Finasteride and dutasteride are the most evidence-supported pharmacological treatments for androgenetic alopecia (AGA) in both men and women. Finasteride 1 mg/day reduces serum DHT by about 70%, while dutasteride 0.5 mg/day achieves approximately 90% suppression, with dutasteride showing slightly greater hair count gains. A pivotal trial found dutasteride 2.5 mg superior to finasteride 5 mg/day, but the 0.5 mg dose is standard due to its efficacy and lower systemic exposure. Genetic factors, particularly androgen receptor variations, significantly influence treatment response. In women, higher doses of finasteride and variable doses of dutasteride are effective, especially in postmenopausal and some premenopausal groups. The choice between these drugs involves balancing DHT suppression, drug half-life, and tolerability, with genetic modifiers being an important area for future research.

Finasteride and dutasteride are the most evidence-supported pharmacological treatments for androgenetic alopecia (AGA) in both men and women. Finasteride 1 mg/day reduces serum DHT by about 70%, while dutasteride 0.5 mg/day achieves approximately 90% suppression, with dutasteride showing slightly greater hair count gains. A pivotal trial found dutasteride 2.5 mg superior to finasteride 5 mg/day, but the 0.5 mg dose is standard due to its efficacy and lower systemic exposure. Genetic factors, particularly androgen receptor variations, significantly influence treatment response. In women, higher doses of finasteride and variable doses of dutasteride are effective, especially in postmenopausal and some premenopausal groups. The choice between these drugs involves balancing DHT suppression, drug half-life, and tolerability, with genetic modifiers being an important area for future research.

The study investigates the effects of Dendrobium officinale polysaccharide (DOP) on hair regrowth in androgenetic alopecia (AGA) mice. Results indicate that DOP improves hair regrowth in a dose-dependent manner, with the high-dose group showing significant improvements in hair coverage, follicle density, dermal thickness, hair bulb diameter, and anagen phase proportion. The treatment was linked to decreased SRD5A1 expression, increased CYP19A1 expression, reduced local dihydrotestosterone and testosterone levels, and elevated p-ESR1 and KRT28/KRT71 expression. These changes suggest that DOP influences local steroid metabolism, ESR1 activation, and keratin-related follicular responses, enhancing follicular morphology and cycling. The findings propose a framework for further exploration of DOP in treating AGA.

The study presents a novel cell-free therapy for alopecia using the secretome of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived dermal papilla cells (hiPSC-DPCs). The conditioned medium (CM) from these cells was shown to significantly enhance hair regrowth and outperform minoxidil in promoting hair-shaft elongation and cell proliferation. The secretome is enriched with growth factors and metabolites that provide anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective benefits, and it effectively mitigates dihydrotestosterone-induced pathology by suppressing androgen receptor activity. These results suggest that hiPSC-DPC CM could serve as a promising regenerative and anti-androgenic treatment for alopecia.