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Glossaryencapsulation efficiency

percentage of substance successfully enclosed within a carrier system

Encapsulation efficiency refers to the percentage of a substance (like a drug or nutrient) that is successfully enclosed within a carrier system, such as a liposome or nanoparticle, compared to the total amount initially used. For example, if you start with 100 milligrams of a drug and 80 milligrams end up inside the carrier, the encapsulation efficiency is 80%. This measure is crucial in fields like pharmaceuticals and cosmetics to ensure effective delivery and controlled release of active ingredients.

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research A microfluidic application for mass production of drug-loaded polymeric microspheres for a long-acting injectable with IVL-DrugFluidic®, a novel microfluidic microsphere manufacturing platform technology

April 2023 in “OpenNano”

IVL-DrugFluidic® can mass-produce high-quality, long-acting injectable drug microspheres, improving patient compliance and reducing side effects.

research Liposomes enhance the hair follicle delivery of minoxidil sulfate with improved treatment of androgenic alopecia

April 2025 in “International Journal of Pharmaceutics”

Liposomes improve minoxidil delivery to hair follicles, enhancing treatment for hair loss.

research Development of nanostructured lipid carriers containing finasteride

January 2020 in “Brazilian Journal of Health and Pharmacy”

Nanostructured lipid carriers can improve finasteride delivery for better hair loss treatment.

research Optimization and Transfollicular Delivery of Finasteride-Loaded Proniosomes for Hair Growth Stimulation in C57BL/6Mlac Mice

2 citations , December 2021 in “Pharmaceutics”

Finasteride-loaded proniosomes effectively promote hair growth in mice.

research Preparation of novel polymeric microspheres for controlled release of finasteride

37 citations , May 2007 in “International Journal of Pharmaceutics”

PPCM microspheres allow controlled finasteride release over 24 hours.

research Unlocking finasteride's potential via carboxymethyl-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex for androgenic alopecia

March 2025 in “Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications”

The new method improves finasteride's effectiveness for hair loss treatment.

research Minoxidil cyclodextrin complexes and their inclusion in transfersomes for the enhancement of therapeutic effect on androgenic alopecia

August 2024 in “Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology”

The new minoxidil formulation could better promote hair growth for treating androgenic alopecia.

research Investigation of nanoparticulate formulation intended for caffeine delivery to hair follicles

January 2013

Nanoparticles with caffeine can be used for slow, continuous hair growth stimulation.

research Combinatorial Therapy of Letrozole- and Quercetin-Loaded Spanlastics for Enhanced Cytotoxicity against MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells

39 citations , August 2022 in “Pharmaceutics”

Combining letrozole and quercetin in spanlastics may improve breast cancer treatment.

research Niosomes as Efficient Nanocarriers for Targeted Drug Delivery

2 citations , September 2024 in “Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics”

Niosomes are effective carriers for targeted drug delivery, improving drug stability and efficiency.

Pentoxifylline-Loaded Liposome Development, Characterization, and In Vitro Release Kinetics: Box-Behnken Design-Based Optimization

research Pentoxifylline-Loaded Liposome Development, Characterization, and In Vitro Release Kinetics: Box-Behnken Design-Based Optimization.

February 2026

Optimized liposomes can improve drug delivery and effectiveness.

research Recent Advances in the Structural Design of Photosensitive Agent Formulations Using “Soft” Colloidal Nanocarriers

54 citations , June 2020 in “Pharmaceutics”

New nanocarriers improve drug delivery for disease treatment.

research Roxithromycin-loaded lipid nanoparticles for follicular targeting

35 citations , October 2015 in “International Journal of Pharmaceutics”

Tiny particles carrying roxithromycin can effectively target and deliver the drug to hair follicles without irritation.

research Polystyrene-b-poly (acrylic acid) nanovesicles coated by modified chitosans for encapsulation of minoxidil

1 citations , January 2022 in “Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences”

Minoxidil can be effectively encapsulated in coated nanovesicles for potential drug delivery.

research Intradermal and follicular delivery of adapalene liposomes

27 citations , September 2015 in “Drug development and industrial pharmacy”

Liposomal adapalene improves delivery to hair follicles and reduces side effects for acne treatment.

research Synthesis and Evaluation of Finasteride-Loaded HPMC-Based Nanogels for Transdermal Delivery: A Versatile Nanoscopic Platform

2 citations , January 2022 in “BioMed Research International”

Finasteride-loaded nanogels are effective, safe, and improve drug absorption through the skin.

Development and Characterization of Poly(Lactic-Co-Glycolic Acid) Nanoparticles With Finasteride and In Vivo Evaluation of Their Efficacy in Hair Growth

research Development and characterization of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles with finasteride and in vivo evaluation of their efficacy in hair growth

May 2024 in “Brazilian Journal of Hair Health”

Finasteride-loaded nanoparticles were successfully created for potential improved hair growth treatment.

research Polymeric nanoparticles-embedded organogel for roxithromycin delivery to hair follicles

47 citations , July 2014 in “European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics”

Scientists created a gel with nanoparticles to deliver medicine to hair follicles effectively.

research Formulation-by-Design of Efinaconazole Spanlastic Nanovesicles for Transungual Delivery Using Statistical Risk Management and Multivariate Analytical Techniques

25 citations , July 2022 in “Pharmaceutics”

Spanlastic nanovesicles can improve efinaconazole delivery through nails.

Application of Nanotechnology in the Treatment of Alopecia

research Aplicação da nanotecnologia no tratamento da alopecia

January 2023

Nanotechnology can improve alopecia treatments but faces stability challenges.

research Unleashing the Potential of Spanlastics as Drug Delivery Carrier

April 2025 in “Journal of Advances in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences”

Spanlastics can improve drug delivery by effectively penetrating biological membranes.

Enhanced Skin Penetration of Lidocaine Through Encapsulation Into Nanoethosomes and Nanostructured Lipid Carriers: A Comparative Study

research Enhanced skin penetration of lidocaine through encapsulation into nanoethosomes and nanostructured lipid carriers: a comparative study

15 citations , May 2016 in “Die Pharmazie”

Nanostructured lipid carriers deliver lidocaine to the skin better than nanoethosomes.

research Optimizing Efficacy: Hyaluronic Acid Liposomes Encapsulating Minoxidil for Enhanced Transdermal Delivery and Treatment of Androgenetic Alopecia

July 2025 in “Colloids and Surfaces B Biointerfaces”

A new method using hyaluronic acid liposomes improves Minoxidil's effectiveness and safety for hair growth treatment.

research MODIFICATION OF PINEAPPLE FIBER AND APPLICATION IN DRUG DELIVERY

January 2014

Modified pineapple fiber can be used for effective drug delivery, especially for hair loss treatment.

research In Vitro Percutaneous Permeation and Skin Accumulation of Finasteride Using Vesicular Ethosomal Carriers

84 citations , July 2008 in “Aaps Pharmscitech”

Ethosomes improve finasteride delivery through skin for hair loss treatment.

research Cholesterol and Phospholipid-free Multilamellar Niosomes Regulate Transdermal Permeation of a Hydrophobic Agent Potentially Administrated for Treating Diseases in Deep Hair Follicles

14 citations , August 2021 in “Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences”

Cholesterol- and phospholipid-free niosomes improve deep skin drug delivery.

Histological Evaluation of Follicular Delivery of Arginine via Nanostructured Lipid Carriers: A Novel Potential Approach for the Treatment of Alopecia

research Histological evaluation of follicular delivery of arginine via nanostructured lipid carriers: a novel potential approach for the treatment of alopecia

17 citations , October 2016 in “Artificial Cells Nanomedicine and Biotechnology”

Using tiny fat particles to deliver arginine to hair follicles could be a new way to treat hair loss.

II Nanosciences and Nanotechnology Biomedicals Symposium - Proceedings

research II Nanosciesce and Nanotecnology Biomedicals Symposium - Proceedings

December 2013 in “Biomedical and biopharmaceutical research”

Nanotechnology shows promise for better drug delivery and cancer treatment.

research Recent studies on the delivery of hydrophilic drugs in nanoparticulate systems

47 citations , September 2015 in “Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology”

Nanoparticulate systems improve drug delivery by controlling release, protecting drugs, changing absorption and distribution, and concentrating drugs in targeted areas.

research Noyes-Whitney Dissolution Model-Based pH-Sensitive Slow Release of Paclitaxel (Taxol) from Human Hair-Derived Keratin Microparticle Carriers

9 citations , January 2021 in “BioMed research international”

Human hair-derived particles can effectively carry and release the cancer drug Paclitaxel in a pH-sensitive manner, potentially targeting cancer cells while sparing healthy ones.