200 citations
,
October 2009 in “European journal of endocrinology” Metformin helps manage polycystic ovary syndrome by improving insulin resistance and ovulation, but more research is needed on its full effects.
162 citations
,
April 2016 in “The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology” Testosterone therapy in transgender men has both desired effects like increased muscle mass and potential health risks such as higher cardiovascular risk.
75 citations
,
July 2013 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Taking low-dose spironolactone and metformin together works better for PCOS symptoms than either drug alone.
44 citations
,
May 2012 in “Endocrinology” High levels of androgens during early development may cause PCOS-like symptoms.
39 citations
,
April 2018 in “Hormones” No consistent link between genotype and phenotype in 5-α-Reductase type 2 deficiency.
35 citations
,
March 2012 in “Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes” The conclusion is that accurately identifying the cause of high androgen levels in women with PCOS is crucial and requires specific tests.
15 citations
,
February 2019 in “Internal Medicine Journal” Australian doctors experienced in adult transgender healthcare mostly prescribe intramuscular testosterone and oral estradiol, recommend mental health assessments before hormone therapy, and support improved training and guidelines.
10 citations
,
February 2008 in “International Journal of Andrology” A combination of nanomilled oral testosterone and dutasteride normalized testosterone levels in men with low testosterone and is safe for short-term use.
2 citations
,
November 2019 in “Journal für Klinische Endokrinologie und Stoffwechsel” PCOS is a common hormonal disorder in women, treated with lifestyle changes and hormonal therapy.
2 citations
,
January 2017 in “Cambridge University Press eBooks” Manage PCOS in primary care with weight loss, psychological support, medication, and monitoring for health risks.
2 citations
,
September 2004 in “Fertility and sterility” High androgen levels can cause excessive hair growth and may indicate serious health issues, including heart disease and fertility problems.
1 citations
,
May 2016 in “The Nurse Practitioner” Treating PCOS is complex, involving medication like metformin and lifestyle changes, and requires attention to mental health due to high depression and anxiety rates.
December 2021 in “The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Journal of clinical endocrinology & metabolism” Men can have genetic risks for PCOS-related traits like obesity and diabetes.
Metformin is safe in early pregnancy for women with PCOS and may reduce certain risks.
January 2003 in “Elsevier eBooks” Androgens and other hormones affect hair growth and skin conditions like acne.
47 citations
,
July 2013 in “Pharmacological Reviews” Regenerative pharmacology, which combines drugs with regenerative medicine, shows promise for repairing damaged body parts and needs more interdisciplinary research.
33 citations
,
January 2017 in “Conservation physiology” Measuring reproductive hormones in brown bear hair could help identify their sex and reproductive state, but better collection methods or lab techniques are needed.
20 citations
,
December 2000 in “Fertility and Sterility” The N363S gene variant does not cause higher adrenal androgen levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.
16 citations
,
October 2020 in “Lipids in Health and Disease” Leptin affects skin and hair health and may worsen some skin conditions, but more research is needed to understand its full impact.
16 citations
,
April 2012 in “Gynecological Endocrinology” Older obese women with PCOS have higher cardiovascular and metabolic risks despite lower androgen levels.
10 citations
,
June 2010 in “Fertility and Sterility” Patients with PCOS tend to score their hirsutism higher than clinicians, making self-scoring less useful for diagnosis.
7 citations
,
January 2017 in “Journal of South Asian Federation of Obstetrics and Gynaecology” Nearly half of women with PCOS have metabolic syndrome, and lifestyle changes are crucial to prevent complications.
3 citations
,
June 2023 in “European heart journal open” Women with irregular periods have a higher risk of heart disease.
2 citations
,
January 2016 in “Springer eBooks” Fat tissue stem cells show promise for repairing different body tissues and are being tested in clinical trials.
January 2026 in “Dermatology Review” Celiac disease can cause skin issues, and a gluten-free diet can help improve them.
August 2025 in “Journal of Medical and Life Science” Women with PCOS in Missan Province have higher weight, hormonal imbalances, and metabolic issues.
November 2024 in “Malaysian Journal of Microbiology” Patients with thyroid disorders show different symptoms and antibody levels.
January 2015 in “International Journal of Trichology” Lithium can treat bipolar disorder but may cause hair loss and other hair problems.
February 2012 in “Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism” The document suggests more research is needed to understand the link between baldness and prostate cancer.
26 citations
,
June 2012 in “The Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology of India” Most skin changes during pregnancy are harmless and temporary, but some can risk the fetus and need careful treatment.