2 citations
,
May 2006 in “Women's Health Medicine” PCOS is diagnosed when at least two of these three features are present: polycystic ovaries, irregular ovulation, and high androgen levels.
34 citations
,
February 2013 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Many young Italian women have hyperandrogenic disorders like PCOS, which are linked to age, body weight, and insulin resistance.
36 citations
,
November 2009 in “European Radiology” The study found that women with PCOS have more and larger ovarian follicles and differences in ovarian structure, but these features alone can't always diagnose PCOS.
3 citations
,
November 2015 in “Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism Case Reports” Ring Chromosome 11 may be linked to conditions like early puberty, excessive hair growth, hair loss, and type 2 diabetes.
September 2018 in “Fertility and Sterility” African American women have a higher risk of preterm delivery than Caucasian women, and inflammatory stimuli affect gene expression in cells related to PCOS, showing a heightened inflammatory state in women with PCOS.
2 citations
,
September 2021 in “Universal Journal of Pharmaceutical Research” PCOS is linked to hormone disorders and issues like infertility and irregular periods.
2 citations
,
August 2023 in “Journal of Endocrinological Investigation” Excess maternal androgens can cause heart problems in offspring.
January 2023 in “Yādgār.” COVID-19 vaccines are linked to menstrual changes in many women.
November 2024 in “Future Science OA” A rare benign ovarian tumor was found in a pregnant woman, but both mother and baby remained healthy.
2 citations
,
September 2019 in “Acta Cardiologica” Women with non-classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia have higher risk for heart and metabolic problems.
April 2024 in “Women s Health Reports” Hyperandrogenemia is more significant for adolescent girls with irregular menses.
April 2020 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A woman's severe hirsutism was caused by Leydig cell tumors in her ovaries, which improved after surgery.
27 citations
,
March 2018 in “Fertility and Sterility” Women with PCOS who had antiandrogenic treatment before pregnancy had fewer complications than those without treatment.
221 citations
,
January 2014 in “Human Reproduction” Adding anti-Müllerian hormone to PCOS criteria lowers the number of women diagnosed.
35 citations
,
August 2021 in “BMC Medical Genomics” Certain metabolites may help diagnose and predict polycystic ovary syndrome.
November 2022 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A rare ovarian tumor caused high testosterone and excess hair in a woman, which was resolved after tumor removal.
2 citations
,
October 2018 in “Journal of Mind and Medical Sciences” Endometriosis causes abdominal-pelvic pain, and while surgery and treatments help, pain often persists.
16 citations
,
March 2015 in “Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift” Vitamin D deficiency is common in women with PCOS and linked to some metabolic problems, but not the main cause of their metabolic issues.
February 2012 in “InTech eBooks” PCOS increases the risk of heart disease and type 2 diabetes in women.
Low-dose glucocorticoid treatment improves pregnancy and birth rates in women with nonclassical 21-hydroxylase deficiency.
July 2025 in “Clinical Endocrinology” Hormonal dysfunctions, like PCOS, are common among reproductive-age women in India.
9 citations
,
May 2010 in “Gynecological Endocrinology” Young women with PCOS and no other heart risk factors have normal heart function.
December 2022 in “International Journal of Health Science” High levels of male hormones in women with PCOS can lead to fertility issues and symptoms like irregular periods, hair growth, acne, and hair loss; lifestyle changes are recommended for management.
66 citations
,
August 1999 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” Women with acromegaly often have irregular periods due to hormone imbalances and growth hormone effects.
July 2011 in “Journal of Nursing UFPE on line” Many women in Natal, Brazil, have polycystic ovaries according to ultrasound scans.
November 2022 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A woman's small ovarian tumor causing high androgen levels was missed by several scans but found during surgery.
June 2023 in “Lithuanian University of Health Sciences” PCOS increases risks of gestational diabetes, hypertension, and caesarian deliveries in pregnancy.
2 citations
,
September 2008 in “Fertility and Sterility” Clinical signs of excess male hormones and actual hormone levels in the blood do not always match in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.
October 2023 in “Clinical case reports” A woman's male-pattern facial hair growth was caused by a rare malignant ovarian tumor that was difficult to diagnose and treat.
The document concludes that accurate diagnosis and management of PCOS are crucial due to its associated health risks.