January 2019 in “Institutional Repositories DataBase (IRDB)” Hair follicles and skin structures were successfully regenerated in the lab using specific cell arrangements and mechanical conditions.
5 citations
,
July 2018 in “The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine” The conclusion is that antibiotics are not the best acne treatment and early treatment is important to prevent scarring, especially for those with a family history of acne.
81 citations
,
January 1987 in “Current topics in developmental biology/Current Topics in Developmental Biology” Keratins change and are modified differently in skin layers and body parts.
57 citations
,
January 2014 in “Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine” Skin stem cells maintain and repair the outer layer of skin, with some types being essential for healing wounds.
1 citations
,
January 2023 in “Burns & Trauma” Wnt4 protein makes the outer skin layer thicker in burn wounds by turning on a specific healing pathway and loosening the connections between skin cells.
November 2023 in “npj regenerative medicine” Skin spheroids with both outer and inner layers are key for regrowing skin patterns and hair.
11 citations
,
January 2013 in “Veterinary dermatology” Keratinocytes from dog hair follicles can create a functional skin layer in a lab model, useful for dog skin therapy.
August 2019 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Frog skin cells need the protein desmoplakin for proper development and cell layer formation.
81 citations
,
September 2009 in “Birth defects research” Different body areas in mice produce different hair types due to interactions between skin layers.
14 citations
,
May 2022 in “Stem cell reports” The study created hair-bearing skin models that lack a key protein for skin layer attachment, limiting their use for certain skin disease research.
12 citations
,
February 1997 in “British Journal of Dermatology” The enzyme type 1 5α-reductase is more active in the hair follicle's lower part than in the skin's outer layer.
1 citations
,
July 2025 in “JCI Insight” Hair follicle stem cells help maintain skin health by moving to and supporting the skin's surface layers.
November 2022 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Human-induced stem cell-created skin models can help understand skin diseases by studying the skin's layers.
7 citations
,
May 2024 in “Tissue Barriers” The skin's outer layer relies on lipids and proteins to protect against damage.
5 citations
,
April 2024 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” Aging skin shows thinner layers, fewer hair follicles, and new biomarkers like increased space between cells and smaller sebaceous glands.
January 2020 in “프로그램북(구 초록집)” The skin has two main layers, the epidermis and dermis, which work together and are essential for diagnosing skin conditions.
16 citations
,
September 2006 in “Journal of Cutaneous Pathology” P63 is a marker for epidermal stem cells in rats.
64 citations
,
April 1992 in “Differentiation” Sciellin is a protein that helps form protective layers in skin, hair, and nails.
62 citations
,
July 1993 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Hair growth is influenced by interactions between skin layers, growth factors, and hormones, but the exact mechanisms are not fully understood.
19 citations
,
January 2014 in “Facial plastic surgery” Dermabrasion improves skin appearance by removing the top layer to promote healing.
3 citations
,
December 1994 in “JEADV. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology/Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology” Oral itraconazole effectively reaches and treats deep skin layers in guinea pigs.
Rat skin develops from a single layer to adult-like skin with hair follicles by day 21.
233 citations
,
October 2004 in “Differentiation” Stem cells are in deep skin layers, while differentiating cells are in shallow layers.
18 citations
,
November 2007 in “Acta Veterinaria Hungarica” The ovine interdigital sinus has a complex structure with three layers and various skin-like features.
129 citations
,
May 2015 in “Cell Stem Cell” Different types of stem cells exist within individual skin layers, and they can adapt to damage, transplantation, or tumor growth. These cells are regulated by their environment and genetic factors. Tumor growth is driven by expanding, genetically altered cells, not long-lived mutant stem cells. There's evidence of cancer stem cells in skin tumors. Other cells, bacteria, and genetic factors help maintain balance and contribute to disease progression. A method for growing mini organs from single cells has been developed.
44 citations
,
May 1997 in “Journal of Biological Chemistry” The human keratin 6a gene's specific sequences trigger expression in skin layers after injury.
32 citations
,
March 1988 in “International Journal of Dermatology” Retinoids can help treat skin disorders by improving the skin's outer layer.
29 citations
,
July 1993 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Hair follicle development involves complex interactions between skin layers and cells, but many details are still unknown.
25 citations
,
October 2002 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Mouse profilaggrin helps in skin cell differentiation and may be involved in calcium signaling.
19 citations
,
March 2017 in “PLoS ONE” PSU are better than THF at regenerating skin layers in lab models.