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GlossaryEpithelial Components

cells and structures forming protective and functional tissue layers

Epithelial components refer to the cells and structures that make up the epithelium, which is the tissue forming the outer layer of the body's surfaces and lining the cavities and organs. These components include various types of epithelial cells, such as squamous, cuboidal, and columnar cells, which serve functions like protection, secretion, and absorption. For example, the skin's outer layer and the lining of the gut are made of epithelial components.

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research Defining compartmentalized stem and progenitor populations with distinct cell division frequency in the ocular surface epithelium

June 2020 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)”

Stem and progenitor cells in the eye have different division rates and locations, affecting how they respond to injury.

research Defining compartmentalized stem cell populations with distinct cell division dynamics in the ocular surface epithelium

15 citations , November 2020 in “Development”

Stem cells in the eye have different roles and behaviors, helping maintain and repair the eye's surface.

research Interfollicular epidermal stem-like cells for the recreation of the hair follicle epithelial compartment

14 citations , January 2021 in “Stem cell research & therapy”

Human skin cells with stem-like features can help create new hair follicles and sebaceous glands when combined with other cells.

research Mechanical forces across compartments coordinate cell shape and fate transitions to generate tissue architecture

2 citations , February 2024 in “Nature cell biology”

Mechanical forces are crucial for shaping cells and forming tissues during development.

research Stereological Quantification of Cell-Cycle Kinetics and Mobilization of Epithelial Stem Cells during Wound Healing

1 citations , January 2016 in “Methods in molecular biology”

The method helps estimate and track skin cell growth and movement during healing.

research Compartmentation of Mitochondrial and Oxidative Metabolism in Growing Hair Follicles: A Ring of Fire

40 citations , March 2017 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

Growing hair follicles have high mitochondrial activity and ROS in specific regions, aiding hair formation.

research 09-P006 Epithelial–mesenchymal interactions promote hair follicle neogenesis and a new stem cell niche in adult corneal epithelium

August 2009 in “Mechanisms of Development”

Adult hair follicle cells can create new hair follicles from corneal cells with the right support.

research Thyroid hormone receptor β1 is expressed in the human hair follicle

111 citations , April 2000 in “British journal of dermatology/British journal of dermatology, Supplement”

Thyroid hormone receptor β1 is found in human hair follicles and helps them survive.

research Hair shape of curly hair

78 citations , June 2003 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology”

Curly hair shape is determined by the hair bulb.

research Epidermal and Hair Follicle Progenitor Cells Express Melanoma-Associated Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycan Core Protein

51 citations , February 2004 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

MCSP may help identify and regulate skin stem cells, affecting hair growth and regeneration.

research Mouse notch: expression in hair follicles correlates with cell fate determination.

150 citations , May 1993 in “The journal of cell biology/The Journal of cell biology”

Mouse Notch is important for determining cell roles in hair follicles.

research Endogenous human skin equivalent promotes in vitro morphogenesis of follicle-like structures

36 citations , May 2016 in “Biomaterials”

Endo-HSE helps grow hair-like structures from human skin cells in the lab.

research A Kaleidoscope of Keratin Gene Expression and the Mosaic of Its Regulatory Mechanisms

3 citations , March 2023 in “International journal of molecular sciences”

Keratin protein production in cells is controlled by a complex system that changes with cell type, health, and conditions like injury or cancer.

research 1412 “Telescope model” for coordinated organ morphogenesis and stem cell formation

April 2023 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

Developing hair follicles form from ring-shaped patterns, with future stem cells originating from the outer ring, not the upper layers, as previously thought.

P63 Targeted Deletion Under the FOXN1 Promoter Disrupts Pre- and Post-Natal Thymus Development, Function, and Maintenance, and Induces Severe Hair Loss

research P63 targeted deletion under the FOXN1 promoter disrupts pre-and post-natal thymus development, function and maintenance as well as induces severe hair loss

5 citations , January 2022 in “PloS one”

Deleting the p63 gene in certain cells causes problems in thymus development and severe hair loss in mice.

Heterozygous FOXN1 Variants Cause Low TRECs and Severe T Cell Lymphopenia, Revealing a Crucial Role of FOXN1 in Supporting Early Thymopoiesis

research Heterozygous FOXN1 Variants Cause Low TRECs and Severe T Cell Lymphopenia, Revealing a Crucial Role of FOXN1 in Supporting Early Thymopoiesis

53 citations , August 2019 in “American journal of human genetics”

FOXN1 gene variants cause low T cells and immune issues from birth.

research Stem Cell Heterogeneity and Plasticity in Epithelia

129 citations , May 2015 in “Cell Stem Cell”

Different types of stem cells exist within individual skin layers, and they can adapt to damage, transplantation, or tumor growth. These cells are regulated by their environment and genetic factors. Tumor growth is driven by expanding, genetically altered cells, not long-lived mutant stem cells. There's evidence of cancer stem cells in skin tumors. Other cells, bacteria, and genetic factors help maintain balance and contribute to disease progression. A method for growing mini organs from single cells has been developed.

research Epithelial Fibronectin meshwork controls skin regeneration

April 2025 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Fibronectin is essential for hair follicle regeneration by supporting stem cells.

research Expression patterns of hair and epithelial keratins and transcription factors HOXC13, LEF1, and β‐catenin in a malignant pilomatricoma: a histological and immunohistochemical study

27 citations , December 2005 in “Journal of Cutaneous Pathology”

The malignant pilomatricoma showed strong epithelial keratin expression, suggesting it may not calcify.

research Epithelial-Mesenchymal Micro-niches Govern Stem Cell Lineage Choices

214 citations , April 2017 in “Cell”

Different small areas within hair follicles send specific signals that control what type of cells stem cells become.

research Hair Keratins and Hair Follicle–Specific Epithelial Keratins

31 citations , January 2004 in “Methods in cell biology”

Hair and follicle keratins differ in structure and expression, especially in cysteine content.

research Disease-dependent accessibility of hair follicle compartments revealed by tape-strip transcriptomics

February 2026 in “British Journal of Dermatology”

Tape-strip RNA sequencing can better detect inflammation in hair follicles for alopecia areata.

research K6irs1, K6irs2, K6irs3, and K6irs4 Represent the Inner-Root-Sheath-Specific Type II Epithelial Keratins of the Human Hair Follicle1

130 citations , April 2003 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Four specific keratins in hair follicles help understand hair structure and function.

research Runx3 is involved in hair shape determination

34 citations , June 2005 in “Developmental dynamics”

Runx3 helps determine hair shape.

research Stem Cells in the Skin

January 2012 in “Springer eBooks”

The skin has different types of stem cells that can repair and regenerate tissue.

research Faculty Opinions recommendation of The keratins of the human beard hair medulla: the riddle in the middle.

March 2010 in “Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature”

Beard hair medulla cells have a unique and varied keratin pattern.

research Keratin Expression Provides Novel Insight into the Morphogenesis and Function of the Companion Layer in Hair Follicles

38 citations , December 2006 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Keratin patterns in hair follicles help understand hair growth and potential hair and nail disorders.