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GlossaryEpithelial Keratins

Epithelial keratins are a group of fibrous proteins that form a key component of the cytoskeleton in epithelial cells, including those in the hair follicle. They play a crucial role in maintaining the structural integrity and resilience of hair and skin. In the context of hair loss, abnormalities or mutations in keratin genes can lead to conditions such as alopecia or other hair disorders, highlighting their importance in hair biology and health. Key distinguishing characteristics include their ability to form intermediate filaments, which provide mechanical support and protection to cells.

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research Induction of Hard Keratin Expression in Non-Nail-Matrical Keratinocytes by Nail-Matrical Fibroblasts through Epithelial-Mesenchymal Interactions

25 citations , January 2003 in “Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery”

Nail-matrical fibroblasts can make non-nail cells produce hard keratin, useful for nail repair.

Nestin as a Marker of Unipotent Epithelial Progenitor Cell Differentiation into Outer Root Sheath Keratinocytes in Embryonic and Adult Hair Follicles

research Nestin as a marker of unipotent epithelial progenitor cell differentiation into outer root sheath keratinocytes in embryonic and adult hair follicles

May 2022 in “Research Square (Research Square)”

Nestin marks cells that can become a specific type of skin cell in hair follicles of both developing and adult mice.

research Keratin 15 Expression in Stratified Epithelia: Downregulation in Activated Keratinocytes

198 citations , March 1999 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Keratin 15 helps maintain tissue integrity and is reduced in activated keratinocytes.

research Regulation of Keratin 9 in Nonpalmoplantar Keratinocytes by Palmoplantar Fibroblasts Through Epithelial–Mesenchymal Interactions

92 citations , April 1999 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

Nonpalmoplantar skin cells can be made to express keratin 9 by interacting with palmoplantar fibroblasts.

Network Analysis Reveals Potential Mechanisms That Determine the Cellular Identity of Keratinocytes and Corneal Epithelial Cells Through the Hox/Gtl2-Dio3 miRNA Axis

research Network analysis reveals potential mechanisms that determine the cellular identity of keratinocytes and corneal epithelial cells through the Hox/Gtl2-Dio3 miRNA axis

January 2025 in “Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology”

Hox proteins help maintain keratinocyte identity by regulating miRNA expression.

research Targeting expression of keratinocyte growth factor to keratinocytes elicits striking changes in epithelial differentiation in transgenic mice.

265 citations , March 1993 in “The EMBO Journal”

Keratinocyte growth factor significantly alters skin and tissue development.

research Epithelial–mesenchymal transition in keloid tissues and TGF‐β1–induced hair follicle outer root sheath keratinocytes

46 citations , July 2015 in “Wound repair and regeneration”

Keloid scars may form due to changes in skin cell characteristics and specific protein signaling.

research Keratinocyte differentiation in psoriatic scalp: morphology and expression of epithelial keratins

63 citations , July 2006 in “British Journal of Dermatology”

Psoriasis causes changes in certain keratins and shrinks sebaceous glands in the scalp.

Nestin as a Marker of Unipotent Epithelial Progenitor Cells Differentiating into Outer Root Sheath Keratinocytes in Embryonic and Adult Hair Follicles

research Nestin as a marker of unipotent epithelial progenitor cells differentiate into outer root sheath keratinocytes in embryonic and adult hair follicles

June 2022 in “Research Square (Research Square)”

Nestin-expressing cells turn into a specific type of skin cell in hair follicles during development and in adults.

research Expression of hair-related keratins in a soft epithelium: Subpopulations of human and mouse dorsal tongue keratinocytes express keratin markers for hair-, skin- and esophageal-types of differentiation

128 citations , March 1989 in “Experimental Cell Research”

Hoxc13 is important for hair and tongue development by controlling hair keratin genes.

research Stress-induced premature senescence of dermal papilla cells compromises hair follicle epithelial-mesenchymal interaction

35 citations , January 2017 in “Journal of Dermatological Science”

Stress can cause early aging in certain skin cells, leading to problems with hair growth.

research An Ovol2‐Zeb1 transcriptional circuit regulates epithelial directional migration and proliferation

30 citations , November 2018 in “EMBO Reports”

The Ovol2-Zeb1 circuit is crucial for skin healing and hair growth by guiding cell movement and growth.

research ROLE OF STAT3 IN KERATINOCYTE STEM CELLS DURING SKIN TUMORIGENESIS

January 2012 in “DigtalCommons @ Texas Medical Center Library (Texas Medical Center)”

Stat3 affects skin cancer development by altering keratinocyte stem cell behavior.

research Choreographing Immunity in the Skin Epithelial Barrier

57 citations , March 2019 in “Immunity”

The document concludes that the skin's immune system is complex, involving interactions with hair follicles, nerves, and microbes, and can protect or cause disease, offering targets for new treatments.

research Activin B Promotes Epithelial Wound Healing In Vivo through RhoA-JNK Signaling Pathway

38 citations , September 2011 in “PLOS ONE”

Activin B helps heal skin wounds and grow hair by activating a specific cell signaling pathway.

research Revisiting the significance of keratin expression in complex epithelia

6 citations , October 2022 in “Journal of cell science”

Keratin genes change gradually during skin cell development and should be used carefully as biomarkers.

Proteomics Characterization of Primary Human Oral Epithelial Cells Using a Novel Culture Technique for Tissue Regeneration

research Proteomics Characterization of Primary Human Oral Epithelial Cells Using a Novel Culture Technique for Use in Tissue Regeneration

August 2015 in “MOJ proteomics & bioinformatics”

ePUKs could be valuable for regenerative medicine due to their wound healing abilities.

research Proteomics Characterization of Primary Human Oral Epithelial Cells Using a Novel Culture Technique for Use in Tissue Regeneration

August 2015 in “PubMed Central”

Epithelial-derived Pop-Up Keratinocytes (ePUKs) may enhance wound healing in regenerative medicine.

research M-CSF-stimulated myeloid cells can convert into epithelial cells to participate in re-epithelialization and hair follicle regeneration during dermal wound healing

June 2022 in “PLOS ONE”

M-CSF-stimulated myeloid cells can turn into skin cells and help heal wounds and regrow hair.

research Enrichment for Living Murine Keratinocytes from the Hair Follicle Bulge with the Cell Surface Marker CD34

561 citations , April 2003 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

CD34 is a marker for isolating stem-like cells in mouse hair follicles.

research Keratin 15 Promoter Targets Putative Epithelial Stem Cells in the Hair Follicle Bulge

387 citations , November 2003 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

The K15 promoter effectively targets stem cells in the hair follicle bulge.

Androgen-Inducible TGF-β1 from Balding Dermal Papilla Cells Inhibits Epithelial Cell Growth: A Clue to Understanding Paradoxical Effects of Androgen on Human Hair Growth

research Androgen‐inducible TGF‐β1 from balding dermal papilla cells inhibits epithelial cell growth: a clue to understanding paradoxical effects of androgen on human hair growth

190 citations , October 2002 in “The FASEB journal”

Androgens may cause hair loss by increasing TGF-beta1 from scalp cells, which inhibits hair cell growth.

research Neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin is a marker for dysregulated keratinocyte differentiation in human skin

96 citations , December 2002 in “Experimental dermatology”

NGAL indicates abnormal skin cell differentiation.

Ectopic Expression of the Nude Gene Induces Hyperproliferation and Defects in Differentiation: Implications for the Self-Renewal of Cutaneous Epithelia

research Ectopic Expression of the nude Gene Induces Hyperproliferation and Defects in Differentiation: Implications for the Self-Renewal of Cutaneous Epithelia

69 citations , August 1999 in “Developmental biology”

The nude gene causes skin cell overgrowth and improper development, leading to hair and urinary issues.

research Specific receptor detection by a functional keratinocyte growth factor-immunoglobulin chimera.

66 citations , April 1995 in “The journal of cell biology/The Journal of cell biology”

A new protein was made to detect specific skin cell growth receptors and worked in normal skin but not in skin cancer cells.

research Expression of involucrin in normal, hyperproliferative and neoplastic mouse keratinocytes

58 citations , December 2000 in “Experimental Dermatology”

Involucrin is a useful marker for keratinocyte differentiation in mice.

research WNT5A drives interleukin-6-dependent epithelial–mesenchymal transition via the JAK/STAT pathway in keloid pathogenesis

56 citations , January 2022 in “Burns & Trauma”

WNT5A contributes to keloid scars by promoting cell changes through specific signaling pathways.

research Epithelial differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) undergoing three-dimensional (3D) cultivation with collagen sponge scaffold (CSS) via an indirect co-culture strategy

48 citations , March 2020 in “Stem Cell Research & Therapy”

Using a collagen sponge scaffold helps stem cells become more like skin cells.

research Cyclosporin A Promotes Hair Epithelial Cell Proliferation and Modulates Protein Kinase C Expression and Translocation in Hair Epithelial Cells

45 citations , September 2001 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Cyclosporin A promotes hair cell growth and affects protein kinase C levels.

Expression Patterns of MITF During Human Cutaneous Embryogenesis: Evidence for Bulge Epithelial Expression and Persistence of Dermal Melanoblasts

research Expression patterns of MITF during human cutaneous embryogenesis: evidence for bulge epithelial expression and persistence of dermal melanoblasts

43 citations , February 2008 in “Journal of cutaneous pathology”

Melanocyte precursors in human fetal skin follow a specific migration pattern and some remain in the skin's deeper layers.