4 citations
,
October 2023 in “Fertility and Sterility” Some medications and supplements can affect male fertility, with some improving and others harming sperm quality.
2 citations
,
September 2025 in “Frontiers in Endocrinology” SARMs show promise but need more evidence to prove they're better than traditional androgens.
1 citations
,
January 2022 in “Transgender health” Hormone therapy in transgender individuals can increase acne and affect hair growth and loss.
February 2026 in “British Journal of Sports Medicine” Transgender women have similar fitness to cisgender women, while transgender men have higher fat and lower strength than cisgender men; hormone therapy affects body composition and strength.
September 2025 in “Journal of Medical Case Reports” Finasteride is safe and effective for hair loss in transgender men, but may affect testosterone therapy.
July 2025 in “Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism” The guideline emphasizes a multidisciplinary approach and informed consent for gender-affirming hormone treatment, with regular follow-ups and individualized care.
December 2024 in “Frontiers in Neurology” Testosterone with finasteride improved muscle and bone health in men with spinal cord injury.
May 2023 in “IntechOpen eBooks” More research is needed to understand how testosterone is maintained in adult males.
5 citations
,
December 2022 in “The journal of the Intensive Care Society/Journal of the Intensive Care Society” Transgender patients in critical care need better-trained medical staff and specific guidelines.
November 2023 in “Australasian journal of dermatology” Dermatologists are essential in helping transgender and gender diverse patients with skin and hair issues related to gender affirmation and hormone therapy.
May 2023 in “Scientific Reports” The seed extract of Lepidium sativum L. can potentially treat hair loss, showing effects similar to 5% minoxidil.
136 citations
,
January 2004 in “Neuroscience” Testosterone increases seizure risk through its conversion to specific neurosteroids.
96 citations
,
September 1975 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” Hormone levels change during puberty, leading to physical developments like pubic hair and voice changes.
83 citations
,
February 1977 in “PubMed” Increasing light exposure in winter can make mares ovulate and cycle earlier.
71 citations
,
February 2000 in “Endocrinology and metabolism/American journal of physiology: endocrinology and metabolism” Estradiol stops hair growth in mice, but an antagonist can reverse this effect.
55 citations
,
June 2012 in “Steroids” Testosterone affects vascular cells directly without converting to estradiol.
49 citations
,
October 1988 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” Leuprolide effectively reduces hair growth in hirsute women at higher doses.
37 citations
,
May 2018 in “Transgender health” Oral estradiol works for many transgender women but needs personalized dosing and monitoring.
36 citations
,
May 2017 in “The journal of sexual medicine” Cyproterone acetate treatment is safe and causes mild feminization, which increases with added estrogen.
34 citations
,
November 2017 in “Gynecological Endocrinology” A transwoman developed a brain tumor after nine years of hormone therapy, suggesting a possible link between the treatment and tumor development.
32 citations
,
December 1999 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings” 17-β-Estradiol applied to the skin stops hair growth, while ICI 182 780 helps hair grow in mice.
31 citations
,
January 1989 in “The Prostate/The prostate” Estradiol and castration reduced prostate cancer development in rats when applied at early stages, but were ineffective after cancer was established.
25 citations
,
February 1977 in “American Journal of Veterinary Research” Increasing daylight to 16 hours in winter can make mares ovulate and cycle earlier.
22 citations
,
July 1990 in “Acta Dermato Venereologica” High levels of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone inhibit hair cell growth, while high levels of estradiol promote it.
21 citations
,
January 2003 in “Skin pharmacology and physiology” Different skin cells process testosterone differently, and certain drugs can change this process, possibly helping treat acne and hair loss.
19 citations
,
October 2019 in “BMC Neuroscience” Blood hormone levels don't accurately show brain hormone levels in males.
18 citations
,
March 2002 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Estrogen increases blood vessel growth factor production, while testosterone blocks this increase.
18 citations
,
April 2009 in “Journal of Chromatography A” Detecting steroid esters in cattle hair is inconsistent and influenced by sampling factors.
16 citations
,
August 2014 in “International Journal of Women's Health” The estradiol valerate/dienogest oral contraceptive helps with heavy periods, may improve acne and symptoms in PCOS, and doesn't affect sexual function.
14 citations
,
August 1943 in “Archives of Dermatology” Applying estradiol to skin causes local changes but not cancer.