December 2025 in “Pakistan Journal of Health Sciences” Estrogen deficiency in postmenopausal women can cause skin and hair issues, but local estrogen therapies help improve vaginal health.
December 2025 in “International Journal of Innovative Technologies in Social Science” Localized estrogen treatments may improve skin quality with fewer risks than systemic hormone therapy.
October 2025 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Low estrogen due to poor nutrition can lead to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
November 2022 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Estrogen deficiency can reduce the enzyme activity needed to activate vitamin D.
158 citations
,
June 2017 in “Maturitas” Estrogen helps improve skin aging and healing, especially in post-menopausal women.
150 citations
,
April 2013 in “Dermato-endocrinology” Estrogen therapy can reduce skin aging but has cancer risks.
120 citations
,
April 2019 in “The Journal of clinical investigation/The journal of clinical investigation” Both estrogens and androgens are important for health in both males and females.
36 citations
,
October 2016 in “Bone” A male with aromatase deficiency improved bone health with estradiol treatment.
8 citations
,
July 2022 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” 17β-estradiol lowers polyamine oxidase levels in breast cancer cells through estrogen receptor 2.
4 citations
,
January 2006 in “PubMed” DHT deficiency may disrupt rat epididymis function by affecting estrogen receptors.
18 citations
,
January 2004 in “Dermatologic Clinics” Skin problems in older people can indicate hormonal diseases, nutritional deficiencies, or conditions like diabetes, menopause, and HIV.
September 2022 in “Annals of medicine and surgery” Three siblings with a rare genetic condition had abnormal sexual development and chose different gender identities, needing surgery and therapy.
September 2006 in “Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS)” Understanding testosterone and estradiol levels is crucial for identifying normal and abnormal hormone levels in men, especially as they age.
77 citations
,
July 2013 in “Best Practice & Research in Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology” Menopause reduces skin collagen and elasticity, and while estrogen therapy can help, its risks require careful consideration.
76 citations
,
May 2007 in “Menopause International” After menopause, women lose a lot of skin collagen, but estrogen replacement might improve skin health.
55 citations
,
January 2007 in “Climacteric” Menopause and aging can affect women's quality of life and sexuality, but hormone therapies may help alleviate these issues.
19 citations
,
December 2012 in “BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine” Young coconut juice speeds up wound healing.
11 citations
,
July 2001 in “APMIS. Acta pathologica, microbiologica et immunologica Scandinavica./APMIS” Estrogens are key for bone growth spurts in both boys and girls and affect growth into adulthood.
8 citations
,
February 2009 in “Current Women's Health Reviews” Testosterone treatment can improve sexual function and bone density in women but may have adverse effects and requires more research on safety and guidelines.
7 citations
,
October 2024 in “Livers” Sex hormones affect liver fat and metabolic health differently in men and women.
6 citations
,
January 2016 in “Menopause” Estrogen deficiency, like after menopause or certain surgeries, leads to faster skin aging and health issues.
February 2024 in “Biomedicines” Hormones like androgens, estrogen, thyroid hormones, and stress hormones can contribute to hair loss, and treatments target these hormonal imbalances.
Testosterone works in different ways, including direct interaction with its receptor, conversion to other hormones for specific effects on genitalia, hair, bones, and muscle, and changes in body fat and sexual function when low.
January 2011 in “Journal für Kardiologie (Krause & Pachernegg GmbH)” Postmenopausal women often experience hair loss on the scalp and increased facial hair, but iron supplements may not help.
69 citations
,
February 2002 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” Some hair loss can be treated, especially in women due to nutrition, but some types remain untreatable.
51 citations
,
April 1999 in “The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology” Testosterone replacement may improve sexual desire and bone health in women with low androgen levels, but more research is needed on its long-term safety.
26 citations
,
January 2020 in “Przegląd Menopauzalny” Menopausal women have higher androgen levels, which can cause symptoms like facial hair growth and low sexual desire.
25 citations
,
April 1988 in “Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde” Treatment balancing hormones stopped hair loss in most women with androgenetic alopecia.
3 citations
,
May 2023 in “Biomedicines” PCOS causes infertility mainly due to hormonal imbalances, insulin resistance, and chronic inflammation.
June 2024 in “Research Square (Research Square)” Young women in West Bengal, India, with PCOS often have estrogen resistance, leptin receptor issues, folate deficiency, T2DM, and acanthosis, commonly linked to obesity.