6 citations
,
May 2015 in “Clinics in Dermatology” Acne and other skin conditions can indicate internal diseases like Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), and early treatment can prevent long-term issues.
110 citations
,
January 1984 in “Progress in brain research” Gonadal hormones may influence sex differences in play fighting in animals, but their effect on human spatial behavior is unclear and needs more research.
November 2025 in “Contraception” COC use doesn't increase hair stress hormone levels, but hair treatments may affect results.
66 citations
,
August 2007 in “Applied and environmental microbiology” The engineered yeast strain BLYAS can quickly and sensitively detect androgenic chemicals.
54 citations
,
October 2010 in “Clinics in dermatology” Diet, especially dairy and high-sugar foods, can cause acne.
1 citations
,
November 2023 in “Endocrine Connections” DHEA is the main sex steroid in cerebrospinal fluid, and testosterone in the fluid comes from the blood.
3 citations
,
November 2022 in “International journal of environmental research and public health/International journal of environmental research and public health” Ethnic Indian women with PCOS often have early symptoms, delayed diagnosis, and need better information and support for treatment and lifestyle management.
7 citations
,
August 2003 in “Der Hautarzt” January 2024 in “Surgical & Cosmetic Dermatology” Hair transplants can help transgender individuals match their appearance with their gender identity.
37 citations
,
February 2010 in “Psychoneuroendocrinology” Androgen self-administration might be controlled by membrane receptors, not nuclear ones.
34 citations
,
August 2015 in “Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience” Allopregnanolone affects fear responses differently in male and female rats, possibly explaining sex differences in anxiety disorders.
9 citations
,
April 2018 in “Biology of reproduction” Diet changes hormone levels in pregnant ewes by affecting metabolism, not placental synthesis.
October 2016 in “Journal of the Dermatology Nurses’ Association” Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) affects 6%-15% of women of reproductive age, causing symptoms like acne and hair loss, and increasing the risk of type 2 diabetes and heart disease; it's managed through diet, exercise, and medications like Metformin and hormonal contraceptives.
July 2011 in “Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology” A 15-year-old girl has a skin condition causing blisters on her feet, likely inherited from her family.
159 citations
,
July 2006 in “Endocrine Reviews” Estrogens significantly influence hair growth by interacting with receptors in hair follicles and may help regulate the hair growth cycle.
158 citations
,
June 2017 in “Maturitas” Estrogen helps improve skin aging and healing, especially in post-menopausal women.
154 citations
,
October 1996 in “Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America” Estrogen affects hair growth and skin cell multiplication.
130 citations
,
June 2003 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings” Estrogen Receptor ß (ERß) is the main hormone controller in human skin and hair follicles, not Estrogen Receptor α (ERα) or the Androgen Receptor (AR).
120 citations
,
April 2019 in “The Journal of clinical investigation/The journal of clinical investigation” Both estrogens and androgens are important for health in both males and females.
113 citations
,
April 1999 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Cyproterone acetate-estrogen most effective for hirsutism, but consider side effects and patient needs.
93 citations
,
June 2001 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Certain genetic variations in the AR and ERβ genes can affect androgen levels in women.
92 citations
,
February 2005 in “Endocrinology” Estrogen receptors affect hair growth, with ER beta slowing down the hair cycle changes caused by ER alpha.
77 citations
,
April 2004 in “Gene expression patterns” The three estrogen receptor genes are highly expressed in zebrafish neuromasts during development.
72 citations
,
November 2002 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Estrogen receptor α controls hair growth cycles and skin thickness in male mice.
71 citations
,
February 2000 in “Endocrinology and metabolism/American journal of physiology: endocrinology and metabolism” Estradiol stops hair growth in mice, but an antagonist can reverse this effect.
68 citations
,
May 1991 in “The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Journal of clinical endocrinology & metabolism” Both cyproterone acetate and spironolactone effectively reduce hair growth in women with hirsutism.
67 citations
,
December 2009 in “International Journal of Dermatology” Hormonal changes in skin may cause stretch marks.
58 citations
,
February 2018 in “Journal of cosmetic dermatology” Estrogen helps keep skin healthy and may make women look younger and more attractive.
51 citations
,
August 2012 in “Differentiation” Mouse genital development depends on male or female hormones for specific features.
50 citations
,
May 2004 in “Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft” Estrogens generally inhibit hair growth and improve skin quality, but their exact effects on hair follicles are complex and not fully understood.