506 citations
,
January 2012 in “Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology” Melatonin affects many body functions beyond sleep by interacting with specific receptors in various tissues.
23 citations
,
November 2015 in “Phytotherapy Research” Certain herbal compounds, especially from bitter melon, can inhibit cancer growth and promote hair growth by blocking PAK1.
32 citations
,
September 2018 in “Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology” Hormone therapy for transgender females increases the risk of blood clots and requires careful dosing, monitoring, and lifelong management.
March 2016 in “Korean Journal of Medicine” Doxazosin can cause male breast growth and milk production.
47 citations
,
August 2000 in “Endocrine Reviews” The document concludes that more research is needed to understand excessive hair growth in women with normal hormone levels and regular ovulation.
1 citations
,
May 2017 in “InTech eBooks” Hair loss in Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is due to altered cell sensitivity to hormones, not increased hormone levels. Hair growth periods shorten over time, causing hair to become thinner and shorter. This is linked to miscommunication between cell pathways in hair follicles. There's also a change in gene expression related to blood vessels and cell growth in balding hair follicles. The exact molecular causes of AGA are still unclear.
66 citations
,
October 2013 in “Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes and Obesity” The conclusion is that published guidelines are improving transgender medical care, but more research and education in transgender medicine are needed.
59 citations
,
October 2020 in “Stem Cell Reviews and Reports” Men have higher COVID-19 mortality rates than women due to biological and lifestyle factors.
2 citations
,
July 2018 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology” Common latent viruses might contribute to male-pattern baldness by disrupting cell processes that normally suppress hair loss-related proteins.
Targeting androgen receptors in the skin is the most effective treatment for hyperandrogenism-related skin issues.
185 citations
,
August 2020 in “Mayo Clinic Proceedings” Men are more likely to have severe COVID-19 cases and fatalities than women due to factors like lifestyle, aging, and biological differences.
209 citations
,
September 2008 in “Dermatologic Therapy” Androgens can both increase and decrease hair growth in different parts of the body.
106 citations
,
April 2010 in “ACS Nano” C60 fullerenes can alter protein function and may help develop new disease inhibitors.
57 citations
,
December 2018 in “JAMA Surgery” Hormone treatment for transgender patients may not need to be stopped before surgery, but more research is needed, especially on estrogen.
27 citations
,
January 1984 in “Pharmacology & Therapeutics” Antiandrogens have important biological effects, but more research is needed to understand them fully and compare their effectiveness and side effects to other treatments.
11 citations
,
August 1997 in “Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents” Many potential alopecia treatments need more testing to confirm they promote acceptable hair growth with minimal side effects.
4 citations
,
December 2021 in “Archivio italiano di urologia andrologia” Certain drugs, especially antiandrogens and spironolactone, significantly increase the risk of gynecomastia.
June 2023 in “SPIRE - Sciences Po Institutional REpository” Extracellular vesicles and androgen receptors may help identify prostate cancer resistance and reduce SARS-CoV-2 infection.
May 1993 in “Drugs & Therapy Perspectives” Formestane is a preferred second-line treatment for advanced breast cancer in postmenopausal women because it's effective and has fewer side effects.
123 citations
,
May 2020 in “Drug Development Research” Men's sensitivity to male hormones might affect how severe COVID-19 gets for them.
80 citations
,
January 1995 in “The American Journal of Medicine” Hair loss in androgenetic alopecia is caused by genetic factors and androgen excess, and can be treated with combined therapies.
59 citations
,
May 2014 in “Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets” The document concludes that targeting 5α-reductase, the androgen receptor, and hair growth genes, along with using compounds with anti-androgenic properties, could lead to more effective hair loss treatments.
31 citations
,
January 2003 in “Dermatology” Steroidogenic isoenzymes may help improve treatments for common hair loss.
18 citations
,
January 2004 in “Dermatologic Clinics” Skin problems in older people can indicate hormonal diseases, nutritional deficiencies, or conditions like diabetes, menopause, and HIV.
14 citations
,
September 2015 in “Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets” The conclusion is that while oral contraceptive pills are effective for PCOS-related high androgen levels, new treatments with fewer side effects are needed.
6 citations
,
July 2013 in “Acta Clinica Belgica” The document concludes that combination therapy is most effective for treating excessive hair growth in women with idiopathic hirsutism, and more research is needed to understand the condition.
August 2025 in “Fabad Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences” Bicalutamide effectively treats prostate cancer but needs careful monitoring for side effects.
May 2015 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” Certain drugs and supplements may contribute to hair loss in the frontal hairline in older women.
6 citations
,
August 2009 in “Mini-reviews in Medicinal Chemistry” Different drugs can treat high male hormone levels in women, but they have various effects and some may harm a fetus.
98 citations
,
February 2007 in “Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology” Androgens can both stimulate and cause hair loss, and understanding their effects is key to treating hair disorders.