187 citations
,
December 2005 in “Experimental Dermatology” Estrogens can improve skin aging but carry risks; more research is needed on safer treatments.
130 citations
,
June 2003 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings” Estrogen Receptor ß (ERß) is the main hormone controller in human skin and hair follicles, not Estrogen Receptor α (ERα) or the Androgen Receptor (AR).
77 citations
,
April 2004 in “Gene expression patterns” The three estrogen receptor genes are highly expressed in zebrafish neuromasts during development.
12 citations
,
October 2004 in “Experimental Gerontology” Changes in testosterone and estrogen receptor genes can affect how men age, influencing body fat, hair patterns, and possibly leading to skin disorders.
9 citations
,
January 2016 in “Skin Pharmacology and Physiology” The study concluded that both estrogen and androgen receptors, which decrease with age, are linked to skin aging and may be hormonally regulated.
January 2019 in “ISGE series” Estrogen helps prevent artery plaque by stopping monocyte capture in blood vessels.
137 citations
,
June 2005 in “Climacteric” Estrogen loss during menopause worsens skin health, but hormone replacement therapy may improve it, though more research is needed.
75 citations
,
November 2016 in “Medicines” Beta-sitosterol has potential health benefits but needs more research to fully understand its effects and improve its use in treatments.
August 1994 in “Molecular Endocrinology” Changing protein kinase levels in pituitary cells affects calcium flow and beta-endorphin release.
284 citations
,
November 1999 in “Neurology” The article suggests managing interferon beta therapy side effects in MS with dose adjustments, medications, and patient education.
26 citations
,
February 2009 in “Drug Development Research” 17α-estradiol is a safe estrogen that might protect the brain and doesn't cause feminization, needing more research for treating brain diseases.
9 citations
,
April 2019 in “Molecules” Blackcurrant extract may help reduce hair loss by promoting stem cell activity in hair follicles.
58 citations
,
February 2018 in “Journal of cosmetic dermatology” Estrogen helps keep skin healthy and may make women look younger and more attractive.
46 citations
,
August 2006 in “PubMed” A genetic defect causes males in some Mediterranean populations to be born with ambiguous genitalia and develop male traits at puberty.
12 citations
,
July 1993 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Certain sex hormones and antiandrogens can either slow down or speed up the growth of human hair follicle cells depending on their concentration.
4 citations
,
June 2018 in “PLOS ONE” Iron levels are linked to insulin resistance in men and postmenopausal women, but not in premenopausal women.
June 2023 in “Journal of multidisciplinary sciences (Online)” PCOS is linked to a higher risk of endometrial cancer but not ovarian or breast cancer, and more research is needed on its role in cancer development and treatment effects.
June 2020 in “Aesthetic Surgery Journal” Estradiol-rich plasma can increase hair density faster and more effectively in male pattern baldness treatment than regular plasma.
January 2024 in “Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science” Procyanidin B2 and leucopelargonidin from Saraca asoca may help treat PCOS by balancing hormones.
305 citations
,
February 2007 in “Hormone and metabolic research” Human skin makes sexual hormones that affect hair growth, skin health, and healing; too much can cause acne and hair loss, while treatments can manage these conditions.
185 citations
,
August 2020 in “Mayo Clinic Proceedings” Men are more likely to have severe COVID-19 cases and fatalities than women due to factors like lifestyle, aging, and biological differences.
158 citations
,
June 2017 in “Maturitas” Estrogen helps improve skin aging and healing, especially in post-menopausal women.
68 citations
,
June 2005 in “Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets” Oestrogens help maintain healthy skin, heal wounds, and may protect against skin aging and cancer.
54 citations
,
February 2010 in “British Journal of Dermatology” Hair loss in women may have causes other than hormones.
30 citations
,
March 2008 in “Wound Repair and Regeneration” Estrogen affects scalp cell types differently, enhancing some wound healing processes.
27 citations
,
February 2020 in “Journal of Cardiovascular Translational Research” Women generally handle heart enlargement better than men, but it's riskier for them if it occurs; hormones like estrogen offer some protection.
25 citations
,
November 2013 in “PLoS ONE” Estrogen and androgen signals control synaptic changes in rat brains.
21 citations
,
February 2017 in “International Journal of Women's Dermatology” Hormonal therapies help treat female hair loss, but results are slow and vary.
12 citations
,
October 2018 in “International Journal of Women's Dermatology” Hormone therapy in transgender women can affect hair growth and acne, and there are specific skin issues related to gender-affirming surgery, but more research is needed on their dermatological health.
8 citations
,
July 2022 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” 17β-estradiol lowers polyamine oxidase levels in breast cancer cells through estrogen receptor 2.