343 citations
,
December 2008 in “Endocrine Reviews” Metformin helps with menstrual cycles and insulin levels in PCOS but is less effective for hair growth, diabetes prevention, and weight loss, and may improve fertility and reduce diabetes risk.
249 citations
,
November 2003 in “Clinical endocrinology” Insulin resistance is a key factor in polycystic ovary syndrome, but genetics may also contribute.
200 citations
,
October 2009 in “European journal of endocrinology” Metformin helps manage polycystic ovary syndrome by improving insulin resistance and ovulation, but more research is needed on its full effects.
119 citations
,
July 2016 in “Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences” Vitamin D has potential benefits for cancer prevention, heart health, diabetes, obesity, muscle function, skin health, and immune function, but clinical results are mixed and more research is needed.
52 citations
,
February 2018 in “Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome” Some skin conditions may indicate metabolic syndrome, which could help with early detection and management of related health issues.
43 citations
,
October 2019 in “Pediatric Research” Lifestyle changes are the main treatment for PCOS, which is a complex condition requiring early management to reduce its health impacts.
40 citations
,
January 2010 in “Annales D Endocrinologie” The French Endocrine Society suggests diagnosing PCOS with two of three signs, recommends lifestyle changes and clomiphene for treatment, and calls for more research on certain treatments and tests.
29 citations
,
January 2011 in “Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology” Insulin resistance in women with PCOS can lead to serious health issues, but lifestyle changes and certain medications can help manage symptoms.
22 citations
,
January 1985 in “Annals of Internal Medicine” Minoxidil in breast milk may harm nursing infants.
21 citations
,
May 2021 in “Patient education and counseling” Managing PCOS is hard because it varies a lot, treatments are limited, and there's a lot of false information online.
9 citations
,
July 2009 in “Journal Of Endocrinology, Metabolism And Diabetes Of South Africa” The document concludes that managing PCOS involves treating symptoms and reducing long-term metabolic risks, with lifestyle changes being important.
4 citations
,
January 2013 in “PubMed” Testosterone and finasteride raise insulin and zinc, lower chromium in male rats.
1 citations
,
June 2019 in “Innovare journal of medical sciences” Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal disorder in women that can cause infertility and other health issues, and it may be improved by treatments that increase insulin sensitivity.
January 2025 in “il Diabete” Targeted drug delivery to pancreatic beta-cells can improve type 2 diabetes treatment.
44 citations
,
May 2008 in “Fertility and Sterility” Insulin resistance might not be enough to worsen blood vessel function in young, nonobese women with polycystic ovary syndrome.
37 citations
,
October 2021 in “Nutrients” Vitamin D might help regulate insulin in the body, but taking Vitamin D supplements doesn't clearly prevent or improve type 2 diabetes. More research is needed.
24 citations
,
April 2008 in “Fertility and sterility” Pioglitazone improved insulin sensitivity and altered cortisol metabolism in PCOS patients.
7 citations
,
August 2025 in “European Journal of Endocrinology” Long-term use of calcineurin inhibitors in transplant patients can cause hormone issues that can be managed with proper care.
4 citations
,
December 2021 in “Pharmacological Reports” Metformin is less effective in men with early-onset hair loss.
January 2026 in “Journal of Clinical Medicine” Improving diet and lifestyle can help manage skin conditions linked to insulin resistance and inflammation.
January 2025 in “Human Reproduction Open” 25% of premenopausal women with Type 1 diabetes have undiagnosed androgen excess disorders.
December 2021 in “Acta Marisiensis” Insulin resistance increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes and other health issues.
89 citations
,
March 2001 in “Endocrine practice” The guidelines help doctors diagnose and treat hormone-related disorders in women.
36 citations
,
October 2021 in “Frontiers in Endocrinology” Insulin resistance and high male hormone levels are major causes of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.
9 citations
,
January 2022 in “Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology” High levels of male hormones and irregular periods best predict how well PCOS patients will respond to metformin treatment.
6 citations
,
December 2022 in “Frontiers in Pharmacology” Quercetin may help improve symptoms of polycystic ovary syndrome.
3 citations
,
July 2025 in “Obesity Facts” GLP-1 receptor analogs may help improve metabolism and reproductive health in people with PCOS and obesity.
May 2022 in “Maǧallaẗ Buḥūṯ Al-Tarbiyyaẗ Al-Nawʿiyyaẗ (Print)” Eating a high inositol diet significantly improves insulin resistance and hormone levels in women with PCOS.
3 citations
,
April 2019 in “Hormone and Metabolic Research” Women with PCOS have lower adiponectin hormone levels and are more likely to have insulin resistance.
November 2021 in “World Family Medicine Journal /Middle East Journal of Family Medicine” Diabetic ketoacidosis is common among people with Type 1 diabetes in Makkah Al-Mukarramah City.