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GlossaryExtracellular Matrix

complex network of proteins and molecules supporting cell structure

The Extracellular Matrix (ECM) is a complex network of proteins and other molecules that surround and support cells within tissues and organs. It provides structural support, influences cell behavior, and plays a crucial role in processes like wound healing and tissue regeneration.

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research Extracellular matrix sensing by FERONIA and Leucine‐Rich Repeat Extensins controls vacuolar expansion during cellular elongation in Arabidopsis thaliana

172 citations , March 2019 in “The EMBO Journal”

FERONIA and LRX proteins help control cell growth in plants by regulating vacuole expansion.

Extracellular Matrix Degradation Products and Low-Oxygen Conditions Enhance the Regenerative Potential of Perivascular Stem Cells

research Extracellular Matrix Degradation Products and Low-Oxygen Conditions Enhance the Regenerative Potential of Perivascular Stem Cells

91 citations , July 2010 in “Tissue Engineering Part A”

Low-oxygen conditions and ECM degradation products increase the healing abilities of perivascular stem cells.

research Epithelial Growth by Rat Vibrissae Follicles In Vitro Requires Mesenchymal Contact via Native Extracellular Matrix

66 citations , August 1990 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Epithelial cell growth in rat hair follicles needs contact with mesenchymal cells through the extracellular matrix.

research Extracellular Matrix as a Regulator of Epidermal Stem Cell Fate

57 citations , March 2018 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences”

The extracellular matrix is crucial for controlling skin stem cell behavior and health.

research Subpopulations of dermal skin fibroblasts secrete distinct extracellular matrix: implications for using skin substitutes in the clinic

50 citations , December 2017 in “British Journal of Dermatology”

Different skin cells produce unique materials, which can improve skin substitutes for healing.

research Distribution of Extracellular Matrix Molecules in Human Hair Follicles

45 citations , December 1991 in “Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences”

ECM molecules are crucial for hair growth and development.

The Enhancement of Dermal Papilla Cell Aggregation by Extracellular Matrix Proteins Through Effects on Cell–Substratum Adhesivity and Cell Motility

research The enhancement of dermal papilla cell aggregation by extracellular matrix proteins through effects on cell–substratum adhesivity and cell motility

44 citations , June 2009 in “Biomaterials”

Skin cell clumping for hair growth is improved by a protein called fibronectin, which helps cells stick and move better.

Minoxidil Improves Vascular Compliance, Restores Cerebral Blood Flow, and Alters Extracellular Matrix Gene Expression in a Model of Chronic Vascular Stiffness

research Minoxidil improves vascular compliance, restores cerebral blood flow, and alters extracellular matrix gene expression in a model of chronic vascular stiffness

34 citations , July 2018 in “American Journal of Physiology-heart and Circulatory Physiology”

Minoxidil improves blood flow and vessel flexibility, potentially helping with vascular stiffness.

research Use of extracellular matrix hydrogel from human placenta to restore hair-inductive potential of dermal papilla cells

31 citations , August 2019 in “Regenerative Medicine”

Human placenta hydrogel helps restore cells needed for hair growth.

research Leucocyte-Rich Platelet-Rich Plasma Enhances Fibroblast and Extracellular Matrix Activity: Implications in Wound Healing

28 citations , September 2020 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences”

Leucocyte-rich platelet-rich plasma boosts cell activity and helps wound healing.

research Cultured dermal papilla cells of the rat vibrissa follicle. Proliferative activity, adhesion properties and reorganization of the extracellular matrix in vitro

27 citations , December 1997 in “Archives of Dermatological Research”

Rat dermal papilla cells have unique properties and interact differently with their environment compared to other skin cells.

The Extracellular Matrix Dictates Regional Competence for Tumor Initiation

research The extracellular matrix dictates regional competence for tumour initiation

24 citations , November 2023 in “Nature”

The extracellular matrix affects where tumors can start in the body.

research ADSCs inhibit photoaging‐ and photocarcinogenesis‐related inflammatory responses and extracellular matrix degradation

19 citations , August 2019 in “Journal of Cellular Biochemistry”

ADSCs help protect skin from UV damage and aging.

research The microanatomy of the distal arrector pili: possible role for α1β1 and α5β1 integrins in mediating cell‐cell adhesion and anchorage to the extracellular matrix

15 citations , February 2000 in “Journal of Cutaneous Pathology”

The arrector pili muscle attaches to the extracellular matrix using α5β1 integrin and connects muscle cells using α1β1 integrin.

research Promotion of Hair Growth by Conditioned Medium from Extracellular Matrix/Stromal Vascular Fraction Gel in C57BL/6 Mice

13 citations , June 2020 in “Stem Cells International”

A substance from a specific gel helped to grow hair effectively in mice, suggesting it could potentially be used to treat hair loss in humans.

research Current application of tissue-engineered dermal scaffolds mimicking the extracellular matrix microenvironment in wound healing

11 citations , January 2025 in “Regenerative Therapy”

Tissue-engineered scaffolds help heal difficult wounds by supporting cell growth and repair.

research Expression of extracellular matrix in hair follicle mesenchyme in alopecia areata

11 citations , December 1990 in “British Journal of Dermatology”

Alopecia areata may involve disrupted mesenchymal function in hair follicles.

research Recent Tissue Engineering Approaches to Mimicking the Extracellular Matrix Structure for Skin Regeneration

9 citations , March 2023 in “Biomimetics”

New materials that better mimic natural skin structure could improve healing, especially for chronic wounds.

research Effect of Decellularized Extracellular Matrix Bioscaffolds Derived from Fibroblasts on Skin Wound Healing and Remodeling

8 citations , June 2022 in “Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology”

A patch made from human lung fibroblast material helps heal skin wounds effectively, including diabetic ulcers.

research Synergistic effect of microneedle-delivered extracellular matrix compound and radiofrequency on rejuvenation of periorbital wrinkles

5 citations , July 2022 in “Frontiers in Medicine”

Combining microneedle-delivered ECM and radiofrequency improves skin elasticity and thickness more than ECM alone.

Concentrated Nanofat: A Modified Fat Extraction Promotes Hair Growth in Mice via Stem Cells and Extracellular Matrix Components Interaction

research Concentrated nanofat: a modified fat extraction promotes hair growth in mice via the stem cells and extracellular matrix components interaction

4 citations , September 2020 in “Annals of Translational Medicine”

Concentrated nanofat helps mice grow hair by activating skin cells and may be used to treat hair loss.

Knockout of Integrin Beta1 in Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Accelerates Skin-Wound Healing by Promoting Cell Migration in Extracellular Matrix

research Knockout of integrin β1 in induced pluripotent stem cells accelerates skin-wound healing by promoting cell migration in extracellular matrix

3 citations , July 2022 in “Stem Cell Research & Therapy”

Turning off a specific gene in stem cells speeds up skin healing by helping cells move better.

research Extracellular matrix‐based combination scaffold for guided regeneration of large‐area full‐thickness rabbit burn wounds upon a single application

3 citations , November 2021 in “Journal of biomedical materials research. Part B, Applied biomaterials”

AMFIBHA scaffold significantly healed large full-thickness burn wounds in rabbits and restored skin's mechanical properties.

research [Influence of the stiffness of three-dimensionally bioprinted extracellular matrix analogue on the differentiation of bone mesenchymal stem cells into skin appendage cells].

3 citations , November 2020 in “PubMed”

Stiffer hydrogels better promote stem cells turning into hair follicle cells.

research Microneedle Radiofrequency Induces Extracellular Matrix Remodeling Through Fibroblast Activation: A Histological Study in a Porcine Model

3 citations , May 2025 in “Lasers in Surgery and Medicine”

Microneedle radiofrequency helps skin repair and rejuvenate by activating fibroblasts and remodeling the skin's structure.

Collagen Hydrolysate from Mozambique Tilapia Scales Improves Hair and Skin Health

research Collagen Hydrolysate from the Scales of Mozambique Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) Improve Hair and Skin Health by Alleviating Oxidative Stress and Inflammation and Promoting Hair Growth and Extracellular Matrix Factors

2 citations , August 2023 in “Marine drugs”

Collagen from tilapia scales may improve hair and skin health by reducing stress and inflammation and encouraging hair growth.

research Effects of extracellular matrix on the growth characteristics of human dermal papillae cellsin vitro

2 citations , July 2016 in “Clinical and Experimental Dermatology”

Some types of extracellular matrix can change how human skin cells grow but don't affect their basic functions.

Intraoperative Bioprinting of Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells and Extracellular Matrix Induces Hair Follicle-Like Downgrowths and Adipose Tissue Formation During Full-Thickness Craniomaxillofacial Skin Reconstruction

research Intraoperative Bioprinting of Human Adipose-derived Stem cells and Extra-cellular Matrix Induces Hair Follicle-Like Downgrowths and Adipose Tissue Formation during Full-thickness Craniomaxillofacial Skin Reconstruction

1 citations , October 2023 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)”

Printing human stem cells and a special matrix during surgery can help grow new skin and hair-like structures in rats.

research Building a Better Scar: Re-engineering Extracellular Matrix Structure in Dermal Scars

1 citations , January 2020 in “VTechWorks (Virginia Tech)”

αCT1 improves scar appearance by changing early collagen structure.

research Influence Of Extracellular Matrix On The Proliferation And Adhesion Properties Of Stem Cells Derived From Different Sources

1 citations , June 2017

Extracellular matrix components affect stem cell growth and adhesion differently based on their source.