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GlossaryExtracellular Matrix Proteins

provide structural and biochemical support to surrounding cells

Extracellular Matrix Proteins (ECM Proteins) are a group of molecules secreted by cells that provide structural and biochemical support to the surrounding cells. These proteins, such as collagen, elastin, and fibronectin, form a complex network that helps maintain tissue integrity, facilitates cell communication, and plays a crucial role in wound healing and tissue regeneration.

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The Enhancement of Dermal Papilla Cell Aggregation by Extracellular Matrix Proteins Through Effects on Cell–Substratum Adhesivity and Cell Motility

research The enhancement of dermal papilla cell aggregation by extracellular matrix proteins through effects on cell–substratum adhesivity and cell motility

44 citations , June 2009 in “Biomaterials”

Skin cell clumping for hair growth is improved by a protein called fibronectin, which helps cells stick and move better.

research Quantifying extracellular vesicle heterogeneity: the effect of process conditions on protein cargo for skin therapy

7 citations , May 2025 in “Stem Cell Research & Therapy”

Standardized methods are needed to understand how process conditions affect extracellular vesicle protein content for skin therapy.

research Development of Hair Follicle Dermal Papilla Spheroids Encapsulated in Alginate Hydrogel with Extracellular Matrix Protein

November 2024

Encapsulating hair follicle cells in a special gel boosts their activity.

A Spontaneous Deletion Within the Desmoglein 3 Extracellular Domain of Mice Results in Hypomorphic Protein Expression, Immunodeficiency, and a Wasting Disease Phenotype

research A Spontaneous Deletion within the Desmoglein 3 Extracellular Domain of Mice Results in Hypomorphic Protein Expression, Immunodeficiency, and a Wasting Disease Phenotype

11 citations , December 2014 in “The American journal of pathology”

A gene deletion in mice causes weak protein, immune issues, hair loss, airway problems, and wasting disease.

research Anti-wrinkle effect of bone morphogenetic protein receptor 1a-extracellular domain (BMPR1a-ECD)

5 citations , September 2013 in “BMB Reports”

BMPR1a-ECD reduces wrinkles much more effectively than retinoic acid.

research Endothelin-1 combined with extracellular matrix proteins promotes the adhesion and chemotaxis of amelanotic melanocytes from human hair follicles in vitro

11 citations , August 2006 in “Cell Biology International”

Endothelin-1 helps amelanotic melanocytes stick and move better on certain proteins.

Combination of Media, Biomaterials, and Extracellular Matrix Proteins to Enhance the Differentiation of Neural Stem/Precursor Cells into Neurons

research Combination of media, biomaterials and extracellular matrix proteins to enhance the differentiation of neural stem/precursor cells into neurons

25 citations , April 2012 in “Acta Biomaterialia”

Using certain small proteins with a growth factor and specific materials can increase the creation of neurons from stem cells.

research The β‐thymosins: Intracellular and extracellular activities of a versatile actin binding protein family

110 citations , April 2009 in “Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton”

β‐thymosins, especially thymosin β4, help in heart protection, wound healing, and hair growth by stabilizing actin in cells.

research Involvement of Activation of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK)/Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase (ERK) Signaling Pathway in Proliferation of Urethral Plate Fibroblasts in Finasteride-Induced Rat Hypospadias

10 citations , December 2018 in “Medical Science Monitor”

The MAPK/ERK pathway is crucial in controlling cell growth and death in finasteride-induced hypospadias.

Phosphatidic Acid Has Potential to Promote Hair Growth In Vitro and In Vivo, and Activates Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase/Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Kinase in Hair Epithelial Cells

research Phosphatidic Acid Has a Potential to Promote Hair Growth In Vitro and In Vivo, and Activates Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase/Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Kinase in Hair Epithelial Cells

46 citations , August 2003 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

Phosphatidic acid may help hair grow by affecting cell growth pathways.

research Latent transforming growth factor beta-binding protein 1 (LTBP1): roles as a multifunctional extracellular matrix regulator in human disease. From molecular mechanisms to clinical translation prospects

March 2026 in “Folia Histochemica et Cytobiologica”

LTBP1 is a key regulator in diseases and a potential target for new treatments.

research Inducing hair follicle neogenesis with secreted proteins enriched in embryonic skin

27 citations , March 2018 in “Biomaterials”

Three specific proteins can turn adult skin cells into hair-growing cells, suggesting a new hair loss treatment.

research Matricellular Proteins in the Homeostasis, Regeneration, and Aging of Skin

2 citations , September 2023 in “International journal of molecular sciences”

Special proteins are important for skin balance, healing, and aging, and affect skin stem cells.

research Inducing hair follicle organogenesis with defined environmental protein factors

September 2016 in “Journal of Dermatological Science”

Protein extract from embryonic skin can create new hair follicles in adult life, primarily through effects on fibroblasts.

Dipeptidyl-Peptidase 4 (DPP4)-Positive Fibroblasts Are Responsible for Secretion of Pro-Fibrotic Matrix Proteins in Human Skin

research 973 Dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 (DPP4)-positive fibroblasts are responsible for secretion of pro-fibrotic matrix proteins in the human skin

April 2019 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

DPP4-positive fibroblasts play a major role in producing proteins that lead to skin fibrosis.

research The Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Cutaneous Remodeling and Hair Follicle Dynamics

38 citations , June 2019 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences”

Tiny particles called extracellular vesicles could help with skin healing and hair growth, but more research is needed.

research Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Mediates Ebastine-Induced Human Follicle Dermal Papilla Cell Proliferation

4 citations , February 2019 in “BioMed Research International”

Ebastine may promote hair regrowth by increasing cell growth through the ERK pathway.

research Electrospinning based biomaterials for biomimetic fabrication, bioactive protein delivery and wound regenerative repair

December 2024 in “Regenerative Biomaterials”

Electrospinning creates materials that help heal wounds by mimicking natural tissue and delivering proteins.

research Antibacterial and wound healing stimulant nanofibrous dressing consisting of soluplus and soy protein isolate loaded with mupirocin

38 citations , November 2024 in “Scientific Reports”

The new wound dressing speeds up healing and kills bacteria effectively.

research Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) forms part of the connective tissue of normal human hair follicles

14 citations , February 2011 in “Experimental dermatology”

A protein called COMP is part of the connective tissue in normal human hair follicles and may be important for hair health.

research Reconstructing protein conformations to activate follicular enzyme-nutrient reservoirs for reversing follicle aging

May 2026 in “Bioactive Materials”

The microneedle patch helps regrow hair by restoring enzyme function in hair follicles.

research Harnessing Microbiome, Bacterial Extracellular Vesicle, and Artificial Intelligence for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Diagnosis and Management

2 citations , June 2025 in “Biomolecules”

Microbiome analysis, BEVs, and AI can improve PCOS diagnosis and treatment.

research Biomaterials Functionalized with MSC Secreted Extracellular Vesicles and Soluble Factors for Tissue Regeneration

220 citations , March 2020 in “Advanced functional materials”

Biomaterials with MSC-derived substances could improve tissue repair and have advantages over direct cell therapy.

research Application of Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles and Engineered Nanovesicles for Hair Growth: From Mechanisms to Therapeutics

13 citations , July 2022 in “Frontiers in cell and developmental biology”

Tiny natural vesicles from cells might help treat hair loss.

research Expression of extracellular matrix in hair follicle mesenchyme in alopecia areata

11 citations , December 1990 in “British Journal of Dermatology”

Alopecia areata may involve disrupted mesenchymal function in hair follicles.

research Native and engineered extracellular vesicles for wound healing

7 citations , December 2022 in “Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology”

Extracellular vesicles show promise for wound healing, but more research is needed to improve their stability and production.

Application of Extracellular Vesicles From Mesenchymal Stem Cells Promotes Hair Growth by Regulating Human Dermal Cells and Follicles

research Application of extracellular vesicles from mesenchymal stem cells promotes hair growth by regulating human dermal cells and follicles

6 citations , July 2022 in “World journal of stem cells”

Using extracellular vesicles from stem cells can help hair grow by affecting scalp cells and hair follicles.

research Potential therapeutic applications of mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles

April 2026 in “DiRROS repository (University of Maribor)”

MSC-derived EVs have potential as therapeutic agents but face challenges like production complexity and high costs.

research The role of Extracellular Vesicles in Alopecia and its Treatment

February 2022

Extracellular vesicles could help treat hair loss by influencing hair growth cycles.

research Bio-Pulsed Stimulation Effectively Improves the Production of Avian Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles That Enhance the Bioactivity of Skin Fibroblasts and Hair Follicle Cells

3 citations , November 2022 in “International journal of molecular sciences”

Bio-pulsed stimulation increases production of beneficial vesicles from bird stem cells that improve skin and hair cell functions.