24 citations
,
October 2018 in “Addiction Biology” Alcohol dependence affects stress hormone levels more than childhood maltreatment.
April 2016 in “Annals of laboratory medicine” The method reliably profiles eicosanoids and shows epitestosterone reduces their levels, similar to common anti-inflammatory drugs.
122 citations
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October 2013 in “PEDIATRICS” Maternal stress during pregnancy affects a child's stress levels.
January 2026 in “Neuroscience Applied” Hair cortisol levels decrease as children age, stabilizing around age 4.
November 2025 in “Contraception” COC use doesn't increase hair stress hormone levels, but hair treatments may affect results.
50 citations
,
November 2020 in “Physiology & behavior” People with depression often have higher hair cortisol levels, while those with PTSD tend to have lower levels, but more research is needed to understand this fully.
May 2011 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” Objective assessment is needed to accurately determine medication use and adherence.
July 2020 in “Endocrine practice” A 13-year-old boy with Cushing syndrome has high cortisol levels from a pituitary gland issue and underdeveloped sexual characteristics.
2 citations
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June 2022 in “Scientific reports” Women with PCOS have higher hair cortisol levels, which are linked to worse metabolic and inflammatory conditions.
February 2026 in “Psychoneuroendocrinology” Lower family income is linked to more stress in parents and more behavior problems in children.
10 citations
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November 2018 in “Developmental Psychobiology” Hair can effectively measure DHEA and testosterone levels in children.
November 2025 in “Canadian Journal of Diabetes” Measuring cortisol in hair helps understand stress and manage related health issues.
July 2024 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Skin hormone levels change significantly after menopause.
1 citations
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May 2022 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” Ulcerative colitis involves immune activation, chronic inflammation, and metabolic issues, some of which persist even during remission.
22 citations
,
August 2016 in “European Eating Disorders Review” Adolescent girls with anorexia nervosa have lower hair cortisol levels than healthy and psychiatric peers.
May 2026 in “Comprehensive Psychoneuroendocrinology” Hair analysis can effectively assess long-term hormone activity in young children.
42 citations
,
December 2019 in “Steroids” Body hair isn't a good substitute for scalp hair in steroid analysis.
April 2025 in “Medical Journal of Babylon” Copeptin and cortisol levels are higher in alopecia areata patients, suggesting they could help diagnose and manage the condition.
30 citations
,
January 2001 in “Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association” High adrenal sex hormones in dogs with hypercortisolemia can mislead adrenal hyperplasia diagnosis.
October 2008 in “Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes” Long-term unemployment leads to higher stress levels.
18 citations
,
April 2009 in “Journal of Chromatography A” Detecting steroid esters in cattle hair is inconsistent and influenced by sampling factors.
September 2025 in “Journal of Intellectual Disability Research” Measuring hair glucocorticoids for stress is moderately feasible, especially in females and those with moderate intellectual disabilities.
47 citations
,
January 2016 in “MethodsX” Hair cortisol analysis is a reliable tool for monitoring long-term stress in captive chimpanzees if certain variables are controlled.
3 citations
,
June 2021 in “Journal of affective disorders” Hair cortisol and cortisone levels may affect how work stress influences depression in Chinese fishermen.
44 citations
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February 2016 in “Zoology” Hair cortisol levels in primates are useful for stress assessment but vary by age, sex, species, and hair collection methods.
June 2020 in “Authorea (Authorea)” First-time mothers had higher stress hormone levels in late pregnancy than mothers who had given birth before.
3 citations
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May 1990 in “Journal of Steroid Biochemistry” Some women with excess hair growth have a hormone condition that can't be diagnosed by blood or urine tests alone.
January 2014 in “Progress of Digestive Endoscopy” Prednisolone improved symptoms in a woman with Cronkhite-Canada syndrome, but regular screenings are needed due to cancer risk.
11 citations
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November 2021 in “International journal of molecular sciences” Gut microbes significantly affect brain steroid levels.
January 2026 in “Western Journal of Nursing Research” Hair cortisol levels don't reliably indicate chronic stress in people with multiple sclerosis.