Mutations in specific genes cause different types of ectodermal dysplasias.
33 citations
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October 2005 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” A specific gene mutation causes sparse, brittle hair in a family.
54 citations
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November 1995 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” Females with 5 alpha-reductase-2 deficiency have less body hair, no acne, normal fertility, and delayed menarche.
41 citations
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March 2016 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” In STSD patients, the body compensates for low androgen levels by increasing another enzyme's activity.
May 2025 in “The Journal of Rheumatology” Antiphospholipid syndrome can severely damage adrenal glands, requiring early diagnosis and treatment.
September 2008 in “Fertility and Sterility” Exposure to fatty acids significantly increased androgen levels in female dogs, suggesting a link to conditions like insulin resistance and PCOS.
November 2025 in “International Journal of Clinical Obstetrics and Gynaecology” PCOS is likely inherited in families, increasing risk for first-degree relatives.
September 2022 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” Older women taking spironolactone for hair loss may need yearly potassium checks due to a higher risk of hyperkalemia.
2 citations
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January 2024 in “Revista Paulista de Pediatria” A rare genetic mutation caused severe symptoms in a 6-year-old girl with mandibuloacral dysplasia type A.
10 citations
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September 2015 in “PLoS ONE” New mutations in the VDR gene cause vitamin D-resistant rickets without hair loss.
July 2024 in “Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism” Ovarian hyperthecosis should be considered in young women with severe male-like symptoms and can be managed with hormone treatments.
5 citations
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July 2017 in “International journal of endocrinology and metabolism/International journal of endocrinology and metabolism.” Two siblings with a genetic mutation had a form of rickets that doesn't respond to vitamin D.
October 2025 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Leydig cell tumors in the ovary can cause high testosterone and male traits in postmenopausal women but are treatable with surgery.
4 citations
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October 2023 in “African Journal of Urology” Older parental age, rural living, and specific genetic mutations increase hypospadias risk in children.
February 2021 in “PubMed” A 2-year-old girl had a hair disorder not shared by her identical twin.
14 citations
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December 2010 in “Seminars in Oncology” Rare adrenal cancers that secrete androgens or estrogens have a poor prognosis and are treated primarily with surgery.
17 citations
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October 2006 in “Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology” The L457(3.43)R mutation in the human lutropin receptor causes increased activity and hormone insensitivity, leading to precocious puberty.
November 2022 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” An 8-year-old boy's early puberty was caused by a rare hormone-secreting brain tumor, which was successfully treated with surgery.
September 2022 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” Dermatologists should monitor potassium levels in women taking spironolactone for acne, hair loss, and hirsutism.
9 citations
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August 1952 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” A 17-year-old female with adrenogenital syndrome produces very high levels of androgens, which prevent complete feminization despite high estrogen doses.
216 citations
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November 1999 in “Fertility and Sterility” Testing basal 17-HP levels is a good way to screen for nonclassic adrenal hyperplasia in women with high androgen levels.
3 citations
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June 2022 in “European journal of human genetics” A new type of pachyonychia congenita linked to a specific keratin gene mutation was found in two Pakistani families.
1 citations
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July 2019 in “The journal of applied laboratory medicine” Venous catheterization may help diagnose the cause of female hyperandrogenism when imaging is unclear.
31 citations
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May 1960 in “A M A Journal of Diseases of Children” Parathyroid adenoma can cause hyperparathyroidism and hair loss in children.
May 2021 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A patient produced cortisol after adrenalectomy, possibly due to residual tissue or other body parts making steroids.
1 citations
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September 2017 in “Zhonghua neifenmi daixie zazhi” Routine genetic testing is crucial for early diagnosis and better management of Turner’s syndrome with 21-hydroxylase deficiency.
October 2025 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Hormonal imbalances can cause heart rhythm issues, so checking hormone levels is crucial.
53 citations
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May 1996 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” Different mutations in the 5 alpha-reductase-2 gene were found in affected individuals in the Dominican Republic, suggesting no common ancestry.
3 citations
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January 2013 in “Dermatology” New genetic mutations causing hair loss were found in a Chinese family.
November 2022 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A rare ovarian tumor caused high testosterone and excess hair in a woman, which was resolved after tumor removal.