January 2015 in “Durham e-Theses (Durham University)” Adipose tissue changes in obesity can trigger stress in fat cells.
282 citations
,
October 2006 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” The Endocrine Society advised against routine testosterone therapy for women, citing a need for more research on long-term safety and a clear definition of androgen deficiency.
58 citations
,
November 2020 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” SHBG may be a useful early indicator and treatment target for PCOS.
16 citations
,
May 2019 in “Hormone and Metabolic Research” Selenium might help with insulin resistance and cholesterol in PCOS, but more research is needed to confirm its benefits.
12 citations
,
May 2005 in “Current obstetrics and gynaecology/Current obstetrics & gynaecology” Hirsutism is too much hair growth in women like the pattern in men, often caused by high male hormones, and can be treated with hormone control and hair removal methods.
April 2025 in “Pharmacy Practice” Long-term use of hormonal contraceptives may harm liver function.
249 citations
,
November 2003 in “Clinical endocrinology” Insulin resistance is a key factor in polycystic ovary syndrome, but genetics may also contribute.
53 citations
,
December 2015 in “JAMA Dermatology” Women with PCOS often have more body hair, acne, and skin darkening, and these signs are linked to metabolic issues like insulin resistance and high cholesterol.
45 citations
,
January 2013 in “Journal of Human Reproductive Sciences” Women with PCOS are more likely to have fatty liver disease, especially if they have metabolic problems.
12 citations
,
January 2020 in “touchREVIEWS in Endocrinology” Testosterone may both worsen and protect against COVID-19 effects in men.
11 citations
,
October 2018 in “Hormone and Metabolic Research” Women with PCOS have similar bone density to healthy women, but those who are obese have higher bone density at some body sites.
7 citations
,
October 2019 in “Case reports in endocrinology” A young woman's symptoms suggested PCOS, but tests and surgery confirmed and treated a rare ovarian tumor, resolving her condition.
1 citations
,
March 2020 in “International journal of reproduction, contraception, obstetrics and gynecology” The study concluded that the most common skin problems in women with PCOS are excess hair, acne, oily skin, hair loss, dark skin patches, and skin tags.
March 2024 in “Biomedical reports” Isoflavone may help manage PCOS symptoms, but its effectiveness is uncertain.
May 2015 in “Evidence Based Women Health Journal (Online)” Inositol was more effective than metformin in improving menstrual cycles and pregnancy rates in PCOS patients.
December 2014 in “Endocrinología y nutrición” The woman's rare combination of diseases suggests an unknown factor may predispose individuals to multiple endocrine diseases.
November 2014 in “John Wiley & Sons, Ltd eBooks” Eating high-glycemic and dairy foods can increase hormones that may cause acne and other health issues.
403 citations
,
November 2005 in “Journal of Endocrinology” Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is a prohormone important for producing sex steroids and has potential health benefits.
28 citations
,
May 2018 in “Scientific reports” Exercise improves insulin sensitivity and hormone regulation in PCOS rats.
13 citations
,
April 2009 in “Acta Medica Scandinavica” Minoxidil lowers blood pressure and causes hair growth, with some side effects.
4 citations
,
June 2019 in “International Journal of Dermatology and Venereology” Some skin diseases may indicate a higher risk of metabolic syndrome and related health issues.
Technology expands design thinking possibilities, requiring a hybrid, reflective approach.
Low-dose glucocorticoid treatment improves pregnancy and birth rates in women with nonclassical 21-hydroxylase deficiency.
June 2021 in “Asian Journal of Medical Sciences” Vitamin B12 deficiency can cause reversible skin darkening.
January 2009 in “Elsevier eBooks” Some plant-based treatments may help with ovary function, insulin resistance, and excess male hormones in PCOS, but more research is needed to confirm their safety and effectiveness.
April 2026 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” Red light exposure can slow aging in mice by improving fat metabolism.
97 citations
,
October 2019 in “Journal of Translational Medicine” A very low-calorie ketogenic diet is effective for quick weight loss and improving health in obese patients, with careful management of side effects and maintenance.
39 citations
,
January 2004 in “Physiological Research” Some men with early hair loss may have a condition similar to PCOS in women.
28 citations
,
July 2017 in “Journal of Endocrinological Investigation” Early onset baldness in men may indicate a condition similar to PCOS, linked to heart disease, diabetes, and prostate issues.
23 citations
,
July 1993 in “Pharmacotherapy” Finasteride treats enlarged prostate and baldness, but may cause limited urinary improvement and sex-related side effects.