19 citations
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June 1999 in “Steroids” Different halogens on progesterone derivatives can either block or mimic male hormone effects, depending on their type and amount.
21 citations
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July 2019 in “Cardiovascular Research” High levels of male hormones in pregnant mice cause heart enlargement and poor heart function in their female babies.
33 citations
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October 1994 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Finasteride reduces hair growth and is safe for women with excessive hair.
70 citations
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August 1995 in “Fertility and Sterility” Finasteride reduces hairiness and androgen levels in women with unexplained excessive hair growth.
January 2025 in “Biomedicines” High testosterone levels can harm fertility by disrupting the LIF signaling pathway in the uterus.
December 2025 in “Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas”
26 citations
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November 1993 in “Progress in Neuro-psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry” Treatment during development affects hormone balance and sexual behavior in male rats.
May 2019 in “The Journal of Sexual Medicine” Flibanserin's effectiveness for low sexual desire in premenopausal women may vary based on hormone levels, with normal hormone levels showing better responses.
10 citations
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February 2017 in “European journal of neuroscience/EJN. European journal of neuroscience” The availability of certain hormones and specific stimulation patterns affect long-term synaptic changes in the male rat brain.
1 citations
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October 2025 in “EBioMedicine”
162 citations
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April 2016 in “The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology” Testosterone therapy in transgender men has both desired effects like increased muscle mass and potential health risks such as higher cardiovascular risk.
4 citations
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April 2018 in “British Journal of Dermatology” Finasteride for female hair loss has low side effects, more research needed.
3 citations
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April 2019 in “Human & Experimental Toxicology” Finasteride causes harmful organ changes in female mice.
May 2021 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A woman developed male characteristics after using unregulated hormone therapy.
1 citations
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October 2023 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Testosterone treatment may affect heart response to stress in transgender men.
98 citations
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July 1983 in “Journal of Steroid Biochemistry” Individuals with this condition often develop male traits and identities at puberty despite being raised as females.
1 citations
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January 2012 The document concludes that antiandrogenic drugs like cyproterone acetate and spironolactone are effective but not permanent treatments for skin-related androgenization in women.
May 2006 in “Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology” Progesterone and its metabolites affect myelin protein expression differently in male and female rat Schwann cells.
55 citations
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March 1990 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Finasteride may treat baldness but less effective for those with 5α-reductase deficiency.
9 citations
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September 1996 in “PubMed” January 2008 in “Journal of Medicinal Chemistry” Finasteride may cause sexual and psychological side effects by affecting an enzyme related to epinephrine.
February 2024 in “Brain research bulletin” Blocking androgen activity in newborn rats affects body weight and appetite-related hormones differently in males and females.
19 citations
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March 2010 in “Steroids” Certain progesterone derivatives can inhibit enzymes and reduce androgenic activity, potentially affecting prostate growth.
7 citations
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January 2018 in “International Journal of Trichology” Taking 5 mg/day finasteride can cause side effects in women with hair loss, but these are usually mild and fade over time, making the treatment beneficial in the long run.
August 2020 in “DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)” Finasteride, at doses of 5mg or higher, may negatively affect male fertility by reducing the expression of certain genes involved in sperm production.
7 citations
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January 2019 in “Journal of clinical medicine research” Menopause causes significant changes in the vaginal introitus, but less so in the labia majora, which may lead to symptoms of vaginal atrophy.
May 2013 in “UTUPub (University of Turku)” Including androgens in hormone therapy may lower breast cancer risk.
March 2024 in “Journal of Neuroscience Research” Finasteride may reduce depression and anxiety in female rats and improve brain connectivity.
13 citations
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December 2018 in “Development, Growth & Differentiation” Sex hormones, especially estradiol, can change chicken feather shapes and colors.