June 2020 in “Mağallaẗ al-anbār li-l-ʻulūm al-bayṭariyyaẗ” Finasteride reduces fertility in male rats.
14 citations
,
October 2016 in “Psychoneuroendocrinology” Finasteride affects brain processes related to neurotransmission and metabolism, potentially helping with neuropsychiatric conditions.
1 citations
,
April 2023 in “World Journal of Urology” Finasteride reduces some inflammation in BPH but not all.
February 2018 in “Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)” High doses of Lagenaria siceraria fruit powder lower FSH and LH hormone levels in male rats.
December 2025 in “Pakistan Journal of Health Sciences” Estrogen deficiency in postmenopausal women can cause skin and hair issues, but local estrogen therapies help improve vaginal health.
5 citations
,
April 2022 in “Journal of Obesity” Transgender individuals face more barriers and less autonomy in surgical body modifications compared to cisgender individuals.
20 citations
,
June 1985 in “Toxicologic Pathology” Some steroid-induced health issues in rodents improved after stopping treatment, but hair loss and eye problems did not.
February 2024 in “The journal of sexual medicine” Flibanserin shows promise for treating male sexual dysfunction but has side effects like insomnia and fatigue.
108 citations
,
September 2002 in “The Journal of clinical investigation/The journal of clinical investigation” Lowering testosterone speeds up wound healing in male mice.
October 2025 in “Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)” Hormonal imbalances in women can cause acne, excess hair growth, and hair loss, needing combined medical and mental health care.
39 citations
,
January 2012 in “Indian Dermatology Online Journal” Finasteride may cause sexual side effects like erectile dysfunction, but they are reversible and affect less than 2% of men.
2 citations
,
January 2003 in “Journal of Clinical Dermatology” 1 mg finasteride can cause reversible painful breast enlargement in men.
10 citations
,
December 1996 in “Fertility and Sterility” Women with acne have lower levels of a specific hormone marker than women without acne.
September 2025 in “International Journal of Women’s Dermatology” Oral spironolactone effectively promotes hair growth in premenopausal women but may cause irregular menstruation.
June 2023 in “Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America” Hair transplantation is important for transgender patients to enhance their masculine or feminine appearance.
26 citations
,
August 2014 in “PubMed” Testosterone improves mood and thinking skills; finasteride has no effect.
6 citations
,
September 2016 in “Journal of Mind and Medical Sciences” Finasteride can cause side effects, some lasting after treatment ends, and may lead to severe depression or suicidal thoughts.
January 2026 in “Journal of Dermatological Treatment” Oral finasteride may cause more sexual side effects than expected, possibly due to negative publicity and reporting bias.
April 2022 in “The Journal of Sexual Medicine” Finasteride is linked to sexual dysfunction, especially in younger users treating hair loss.
309 citations
,
June 2001 in “Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology” Mutations in the androgen receptor gene cause androgen insensitivity, leading to female traits in genetically male individuals.
1 citations
,
January 2002 in “ODU Digital Commons (Old Dominion University)” Advertisements shape and reinforce idealized masculinity and gender norms.
October 2025 in “Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)” Hormonal imbalances in women can cause acne, excess hair growth, and hair loss, needing combined medical and mental health care.
November 2022 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A 13-year-old girl's masculine symptoms improved after surgery for a rare adrenal tumor that produced male hormones.
November 2024 in “Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care” 5 alpha reductase inhibitors can cause sexual, cognitive, and muscle side effects, and may slightly increase aggressive cancer risk.
73 citations
,
July 2013 in “The Journal of Sexual Medicine” Finasteride use changes brain chemicals, causing lasting sexual issues and anxiety/depression.
June 2024 in “Drug and therapeutics bulletin” Finasteride can cause depression, suicidal thoughts, and lasting psychiatric and sexual issues.
January 2026 in “AIP conference proceedings”
25 citations
,
June 2017 in “Scientific reports” Stress worsens Tourette symptoms by increasing allopregnanolone levels.
Women with androgenetic alopecia have normal levels of most blood steroids and binding proteins, but higher dehydroepiandrosterone. Some also have low "sex hormone-binding globulin" and "corticosteroide-binding globulin" capacity, and high "free androgen index" and "free cortisol index". Diane treatment can normalize these levels and improve hair conditions.
32 citations
,
August 1985 in “Clinical endocrinology” Spironolactone may help reduce hair growth and testosterone levels in some women with hirsutism.