13 citations
,
July 2023 in “Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery Global Open” Women have smaller foreheads and different hairline shapes than men.
2 citations
,
June 2024 in “Plastic Surgery” There is unequal access to gender-affirming surgeries in Canada, with a need for better coverage and specialized programs.
January 2025 in “Clinical Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology” Clascoterone cream effectively reduces acne severity and is safe for patients 12 and older.
July 2024 in “JPRAS Open” Lip feminization is important for transgender women, requiring personalized approaches and expert consultation for best results.
131 citations
,
September 2010 in “The Laryngoscope” Forehead modification greatly increases the perception of femininity and is a safe procedure.
4 citations
,
January 2021 in “JAMA Dermatology” Improved access to hair removal is crucial for transgender individuals before feminizing surgeries.
19 citations
,
August 2018 in “Clinics in plastic surgery” The conclusion is that certain surgeries can help people with gender dysphoria look more like their true gender and feel better.
January 2026 in “Endocrinology”
41 citations
,
November 2003 in “Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences” Male hormones, or androgens, affect women's health in areas like mood and bone density, and hormone replacement therapy using antiandrogenic progestogens can improve mood disorders and alertness in menopausal women.
January 2007 in “xPharm: The Comprehensive Pharmacology Reference”
1 citations
,
October 2017 in “Elsevier eBooks” Antiandrogens can treat female hormonal conditions, but environmental ones may harm reproductive health.
39 citations
,
October 2018 in “Aesthetic surgery journal” Injectables can feminize or masculinize a transgender person's face, but more research is needed for best practices.
2 citations
,
January 2019 Hormonal contraceptives and therapies regulate organ functions and treat various conditions.
11 citations
,
May 2022 in “World Journal of Biological Chemistry” Progesterone may help trans women with breast development and health, but more research is needed.
21 citations
,
December 2015 in “Development Growth & Differentiation” DHT is crucial for urethral formation, and its disruption can affect masculinization and lead to hypospadias.
11 citations
,
November 2022 in “Journal of Endocrinological Investigation” Hormonal treatments can change hair and skin in transgender people, but may not fully achieve desired results.
1 citations
,
June 2022 in “Frontiers in Neuroanatomy” Early hormones shape sex-specific differences in rat glands.
October 2024 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Gender-affirming hormone therapy affects metabolism differently based on treatment type.
9 citations
,
July 2024 in “Internal Medicine Journal” Gender-affirming hormone therapy improves mental health and gender incongruence but requires careful management of cardiovascular and cancer risks.
10 citations
,
August 2020 in “International Journal of Andrology” 5α-reductase inhibitors like finasteride may not be effective or safe for transgender individuals, and more research is needed.
November 2017 in “JAMA internal medicine” Women also use 5α-reductase inhibitors for hair loss and hirsutism.
March 2016 in “The Journal of Urology” The discovery of 5α-reductase deficiency in guevedoces led to the development of important urologic medications.
9 citations
,
July 2023 in “Hypertension” Gender-affirming hormone therapy may increase heart disease risk in transgender individuals.
20 citations
,
March 1975 in “Journal of steroid biochemistry/Journal of Steroid Biochemistry” The study concludes that a genetic mutation in TFM mice leads to reduced androgen receptor activity, affecting the body's response to male hormones.
3 citations
,
January 2011 in “Female pelvic medicine & reconstructive surgery” Hormones significantly affect women's sexual function, and more research is needed to improve treatments for sexual dysfunction with minimal side effects.
October 2024 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Estrogen alone may effectively suppress testosterone in some transfeminine individuals.
176 citations
,
August 2000 in “The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Journal of clinical endocrinology & metabolism” Hormone treatments in transsexual individuals reduce hair growth and oil production in male-to-females and increase them in female-to-males.
2170 citations
,
September 2017 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” A multidisciplinary approach is crucial for safe and effective hormone treatment in gender-dysphoric individuals, with specific guidelines for adolescents and adults.