January 2010 in “Nonlinearity in Biology Toxicology Medicine” Low-dose effects in rodent studies are hard to confirm due to confounding factors and control group variability.
January 2016 in “Journal of SAFOG” Girls with PCOS and menstrual disorders have notably higher androgen hormone levels.
32 citations
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July 2017 in “Clinical and Experimental Dermatology” Finasteride effectively treats hair loss in transgender men with few side effects.
February 2021 in “Journal of nursing education and practice” Women and men experience different quality of life and symptom distress after kidney transplant with immunosuppressive therapy.
6 citations
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September 2005 in “Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy” Androgen therapy can help with symptoms like low libido in women, but more research is needed to understand its long-term safety and effects on health.
October 2025 in “Contribuciones a las Ciencias Sociales” Alopecia in transgender individuals on hormone therapy can worsen emotional distress and affect self-esteem.
57 citations
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August 2018 in “British Journal of Dermatology” Testosterone therapy in transgender men can cause acne.
1 citations
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January 2010 in “STARS (University of Central Florida)” Negative comments about appearance harm men's body image and eating habits, while positive comments can help but may lead to more focus on changing appearance.
41 citations
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July 2001 in “PubMed” Estrogens can reduce DHT production in hair follicles, but are less effective than finasteride and progesterone.
8 citations
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January 1991 in “European Urology” Finasteride lowers DHT levels and raises testosterone in a dose-dependent way.
29 citations
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June 2004 in “Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior” Finasteride reduces alcohol withdrawal effects, especially in female mice.
September 2018 in “Fertility and Sterility” African American women have a higher risk of preterm delivery than Caucasian women, and inflammatory stimuli affect gene expression in cells related to PCOS, showing a heightened inflammatory state in women with PCOS.
1 citations
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September 1981 in “PubMed” Cyproterone acetate effectively treats virilized women, especially under 35, despite some side effects.
10 citations
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May 2009 in “Cases Journal” A woman's masculine symptoms were caused by an ovarian tumor, which improved after surgery.
September 2021 in “Conference Proceedings” Older men with high total testosterone might not show symptoms, while younger men with hyperandrogenism may experience hair loss or acne.
6 citations
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January 2016 in “Menopause” Estrogen deficiency, like after menopause or certain surgeries, leads to faster skin aging and health issues.
1 citations
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October 2017 in “Dermatologic Surgery” More men are getting cosmetic treatments to look young and stay competitive at work.
Finasteride reduces DHT levels and affects gene expression in fish, similar to its effects in humans.
137 citations
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June 2005 in “Climacteric” Estrogen loss during menopause worsens skin health, but hormone replacement therapy may improve it, though more research is needed.
September 2022 in “Annals of medicine and surgery” Three siblings with a rare genetic condition had abnormal sexual development and chose different gender identities, needing surgery and therapy.
April 2015 in “Cambridge University Press eBooks” Many women experience sexual dysfunction, but few seek help, and better treatment and medical training are needed.
2170 citations
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September 2017 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” A multidisciplinary approach is crucial for safe and effective hormone treatment in gender-dysphoric individuals, with specific guidelines for adolescents and adults.
Female rats showed more panic-related behavior than males, influenced by hormonal cycles and certain drugs.
3 citations
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April 1977 in “PubMed” The treatment improved acne, seborrhoea, and hirsutism, with some side effects like spotting and nervousness.
5 citations
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January 2007 in “Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology” 17β-Estradiol boosts allergic reactions and slows thymus aging in mice.
November 2022 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A woman's masculine features were caused by a rare ovarian tumor that produced male hormones.
1 citations
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January 2019 Higher testosterone in females with PCOS is linked to depression and cognitive issues, but anti-androgen treatment can help.
January 2008 in “Yearbook of Endocrinology” Dutasteride and finasteride can change semen and hormone levels in men.
3 citations
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January 2018 in “Reproduction, Fertility and Development” Birth control pills increase certain receptor activities in female gerbil prostate glands and can lead to prostate changes.