30 citations
,
May 2018 in “Experimental Dermatology” The conclusion is that future hair loss treatments should target the root causes of hair thinning, not just promote hair growth.
20 citations
,
February 2002 in “Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents” New research is needed to create better drugs that block the enzyme responsible for conditions like male baldness and prostate enlargement.
8 citations
,
April 2018 in “Facial Plastic Surgery” Men and women have different hairline restoration needs, with natural design being more complex for women, and hairline changes being important for transgender individuals' transitions.
6 citations
,
July 2013 in “Acta Clinica Belgica” The document concludes that combination therapy is most effective for treating excessive hair growth in women with idiopathic hirsutism, and more research is needed to understand the condition.
5 citations
,
January 2018 in “Skin Pharmacology and Physiology” Curcuma aeruginosa extract lotion significantly reduces underarm hair growth.
January 2024 in “La Ciencia al Servicio de la Salud y Nutrición” Spironolactone is effective and safe for treating hair loss, excessive hair growth, and acne.
November 2019 in “Journal of Aesthetic Nursing” The article concludes that a thorough diagnosis and treatment plan, including medications, non-invasive methods, or surgery, is important for managing hair loss, with a combination of minoxidil and finasteride being particularly effective.
January 1983 in “Elsevier eBooks” Cyproterone acetate is used to treat conditions like prostate cancer, early puberty, excessive sexual drive, and female androgenization by affecting androgen functions and suppressing certain hormones.
855 citations
,
June 2009 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” The guideline recommends mental health involvement in diagnosing gender identity disorder and outlines hormone and surgical treatment protocols, emphasizing safety, informed consent, and long-term monitoring.
403 citations
,
November 2005 in “Journal of Endocrinology” Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is a prohormone important for producing sex steroids and has potential health benefits.
204 citations
,
May 2014 in “The Journal of Sexual Medicine” Hormone therapy for trans individuals is effective and generally safe in the short term.
76 citations
,
November 2009 in “Medical Clinics of North America” Hormones, especially androgens, play a key role in acne, which can be a symptom of systemic diseases like PCOS and may require targeted treatment.
62 citations
,
July 1993 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Hair growth is influenced by interactions between skin layers, growth factors, and hormones, but the exact mechanisms are not fully understood.
October 2023 in “Frontiers in endocrinology” Androgens and androgen receptors are important for metabolic health, affecting how the body uses glucose and fats through mitochondrial function.
March 2017 in “InTech eBooks” Acne vulgaris is a common skin condition that can cause low self-esteem and depression, and early treatment is important to prevent scarring.
February 2023 in “Frontiers in Endocrinology” Too much male hormone in mothers can negatively affect the sexual behavior of both male and female baby mice.
1 citations
,
January 2022 in “European Journal of Pharmacology” Riboflavin 5′-phosphate (FMN) shows potential for treating androgen-related conditions but may be limited in treating prostate cancer.
24 citations
,
January 2011 in “Sexual Development” Intersex frogs have different brain gene activity related to sex and thyroid hormones.
13 citations
,
February 2021 in “Brain Sciences” Androgens improve memory in adolescent male rats by acting on brain receptors.
July 2025 in “Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology” Early androgen exposure affects hormone receptor expression in adult female rats' brains, but not in males.
21 citations
,
December 2015 in “Development Growth & Differentiation” DHT is crucial for urethral formation, and its disruption can affect masculinization and lead to hypospadias.
5 citations
,
December 2021 in “Pediatric investigation” Testosterone undecanoate safely and effectively increased penis size in male children with 5-alpha-reductase deficiency.
1 citations
,
February 2023 in “Journal of Athletic Training” Athletic trainers should understand and support the medical needs of transgender and gender-diverse patients.
December 2025 in “Current Issues in Molecular Biology” New steroid compounds may help with hormonal therapy and have potential benefits for glucose disorders, but more research is needed.
24 citations
,
December 2016 in “Psychiatric Clinics of North America” Transgender women can develop feminine traits and improve their quality of life through hormone therapy and surgery, but results vary and access to surgery can be limited.
23 citations
,
April 2010 in “Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C Toxicology & Pharmacology” The piRNA pathway genes are crucial in early development and may influence sex differentiation through hormone regulation.
April 2026 in “Dermatology and Therapy” Personalized hair loss treatments are needed for transgender individuals, but more research is required.
September 2025 in “International Journal of Women’s Dermatology” Oral spironolactone effectively promotes hair growth in premenopausal women but may cause irregular menstruation.
March 2025 in “Dermatology Online Journal” Dermatologists should guide transgender patients on effective hair growth and loss treatments during hormone therapy.
September 2024 in “Journal of Cutaneous and Aesthetic Surgery” Bicalutamide may help treat female pattern hair loss.