28 citations
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January 1991 in “Reproductive Toxicology” Finasteride temporarily lowers male rat fertility without affecting libido.
6 citations
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March 2009 in “Annals of Saudi Medicine” Finasteride use during early pregnancy may cause limb deformities in babies.
46 citations
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August 2006 in “PubMed” A genetic defect causes males in some Mediterranean populations to be born with ambiguous genitalia and develop male traits at puberty.
4 citations
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November 2022 in “Frontiers in endocrinology” The enzyme 5α-reductase type 1 is important for blood vessel development and fertility in the uterus.
September 2024 in “Pediatrics in Review” Parental support and gender-affirming care are crucial for the mental health of transgender adolescents.
8 citations
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February 2014 in “General and Comparative Endocrinology” Finasteride affects frog testes by increasing testosterone, decreasing 5α-DHT, and impacting genes related to reproduction and other functions.
23 citations
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April 2010 in “Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C Toxicology & Pharmacology” The piRNA pathway genes are crucial in early development and may influence sex differentiation through hormone regulation.
1 citations
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January 2015 in “Elsevier eBooks” Certain pesticides and fungicides can interfere with male hormone functions, potentially causing reproductive issues in male rats.
January 2026 in “Frontiers in Pharmacology” Certain drugs can cause male infertility, so fertility counseling and sperm preservation are advised.
July 2007 in “Journal of Reproduction & Infertility” Short-term finasteride use likely doesn't harm male fertility.
10 citations
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December 2019 in “in Vivo” Testosterone makes the connections in the uterus lining simpler and lowers certain protein levels, which might lead to infertility.
January 2006 in “Zhonghua miniao waike zazhi” Finasteride can reliably cause hypospadias in rabbits.
April 2015 in “The FASEB Journal” Blocking male hormones in baby rats improved memory and increased weight.
September 2024 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” High doses of testosterone disrupt hormone levels and receptor expression in the uterus, affecting fertility.
5 citations
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October 2010 in “General and Comparative Endocrinology” Flutamide and finasteride reduced sex hormones in pregnant hyenas, but increased them in males.
May 2022 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” The enzyme 5α-reductase is important for proper blood vessel development during the fertility-related transformation of the uterus lining.
1 citations
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January 2010 in “uO Research (University of Ottawa)” Atrazine and finasteride disrupt hormone signaling and affect frog development.
1 citations
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September 2016 in “Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery Global Open” Facial Feminization Surgery is effective and safe, with minimal complications.
1 citations
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June 2022 in “Frontiers in Neuroanatomy” Early hormones shape sex-specific differences in rat glands.
36 citations
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June 2001 in “Neuroscience Letters” Finasteride may affect fetal brain development and increase arousal, but more research is needed for safety confirmation.
July 2001 in “APMIS. Acta pathologica, microbiologica et immunologica Scandinavica./APMIS” Male children's genital development issues can be caused by genetic mutations or environmental factors affecting hormone action.
3 citations
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March 2022 in “Transgender Health” More research is needed to improve lower body gender affirmation techniques.
August 2011 in “Reproductive Toxicology” 1 citations
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August 2012 in “Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics” Finasteride can help induce ovulation and lead to a healthy birth in some women.
June 2011 in “Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT)” Estrogens and androgens are crucial for male fertility.
3 citations
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February 2018 in “Human Reproduction” A man with testotoxicosis was fertile despite low FSH levels, suggesting high testosterone may allow sperm production without FSH.
37 citations
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November 2002 in “Biology of Reproduction” Prenatal antiandrogen treatment altered hormone levels in adult spotted hyenas, affecting males and females differently.
2 citations
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September 2017 in “Archives of Medical Science” Finasteride affects offspring's antioxidant enzymes in epididymis, possibly disrupting sperm maturation.
September 2024 in “Reproduction and Fertility” New methods may speed up drug development for male subfertility.
32 citations
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February 2019 in “Journal of neurochemistry” Sex hormones affect brain injury differently in males and females.