November 2022 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A woman's masculine features were caused by a rare ovarian tumor that produced male hormones.
1 citations
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July 2010 in “PubMed”
54 citations
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September 2013 in “Fertility and Sterility” Finasteride can reduce fertility in some men, but stopping it increases sperm count.
34 citations
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January 2004 in “PubMed” DHT deficiency in rats reduces sperm content and affects testis structure over time.
77 citations
,
June 2015 in “Nature Reviews Urology” Some common medications can harm male fertility, but many effects can be reversed.
10 citations
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May 2009 in “Cases Journal” A woman's masculine symptoms were caused by an ovarian tumor, which improved after surgery.
January 2014 in “theses.fr (ABES)” Androgens regulate Sertoli cells and affect fertility through specific receptors and coregulators.
176 citations
,
August 2000 in “The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Journal of clinical endocrinology & metabolism” Hormone treatments in transsexual individuals reduce hair growth and oil production in male-to-females and increase them in female-to-males.
3 citations
,
March 2024 in “Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology” Prenatal and postnatal environments both affect PCOS development and gut microbiota in mice.
September 2021 in “Physiology News” Conditions affecting sex development show that sexual diversity is a natural part of human variation.
6 citations
,
April 2022 in “Biomedicines” COVID-19 may harm male fertility by affecting sperm production.
38 citations
,
October 2014 in “Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes and Obesity” 5-alpha reductase deficiency leads to male sexual development issues and treatments like finasteride help with prostate enlargement and hair loss.
3 citations
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January 2008 in “Endocrine journal” A new mutation linked to partial Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome and prostate cancer was found in a patient unhappy with their female gender assignment.
April 2026 in “Communications Biology” The development of breeding tubercles in male zebrafish relies on a specific enzyme that processes hormones.
60 citations
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June 2007 in “Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior” Blocking progesterone metabolism can cause depression-like behavior in mice.
August 2020 in “Current psychopharmacology” Pregnancy and nursing increase certain brain activities in rats, but these changes disappear when the babies are taken away.
April 2026 in “The Journal of Urology” Finasteride 1 mg/day reduces semen quality without affecting hormones or sexual function.
June 2026 in “Scientific Reports” Testosterone makes XX skin more like male skin by changing its structure and cell makeup.
During late pregnancy in rats, hormonal changes increased certain GABAA receptors in specific brain cells.
13 citations
,
January 2020 in “Neuroscience” Blocking 5α-reductase can harm memory and brain structure, and increase harmful brain changes in male mice used for Alzheimer's disease research.
581 citations
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October 1998 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” Finasteride safely and effectively treats male pattern hair loss, but may cause reversible sexual issues and harm male fetuses.
6 citations
,
August 2020 in “JCRPE” A boy with a rare form of early puberty caused by a new gene mutation responded well to treatment aimed at reducing testosterone and preserving adult height.
October 2024 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Estrogen alone may effectively suppress testosterone in some transfeminine individuals.
11 citations
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January 2017 in “Journal of Endocrinology/Journal of endocrinology” Female mice with disrupted 5α-reductase 1 had significant metabolic issues, including stress response problems, insulin resistance, liver fat buildup, and obesity.
January 2024 in “Directory of Open access Books (OAPEN Foundation)” Medicalizing male and female bodies can have negative impacts.
Finasteride reduces blood vessel formation in seminal vesicles.
3 citations
,
June 2018 in “International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy” Baby born healthy despite mom taking finasteride, but more research needed.
6 citations
,
January 2021 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” Finasteride-treated male rats' offspring had altered glucose metabolism, potentially increasing diabetes risk.
5 citations
,
January 2025 in “Science Advances” 5α-reductase 2 is crucial for stress response in male rats.
27 citations
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April 2011 in “Folia Histochemica et Cytobiologica” DHT deficiency can disrupt cell connections in rat testes, possibly affecting fertility.