10 citations
,
August 2020 in “International Journal of Andrology” 5α-reductase inhibitors like finasteride may not be effective or safe for transgender individuals, and more research is needed.
June 1998 in “Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy” Medical treatments like chemotherapy and radiotherapy can harm sperm production, so freezing sperm before treatment is important for men who want children later.
1 citations
,
January 2018 in “Journal of SAFOMS” A rare ovarian tumor can cause unusual male-like symptoms, but surgery usually leads to a good outcome.
2 citations
,
June 2024 in “Parasites & Vectors” Chronic T. gondii infection may harm male fertility.
December 2025 in “Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)” Finasteride is risky during pregnancy, but the chance of harm from a male partner taking it is low if handled safely.
46 citations
,
October 2012 in “Seminars in reproductive medicine” Genetic defects in androgen production are linked to male developmental disorders and are improving treatment understanding.
1 citations
,
October 2021 in “LGBT health” The review discusses how facial masculinization surgeries are done and their costs.
168 citations
,
January 2005 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Male and female mice have different skin thickness, and hormones affect their skin and hair growth differently.
March 2024 in “Research Square (Research Square)” Sex steroids affect the MafB gene differently in male and female hamsters.
1 citations
,
October 2025 in “Scientific Reports” Mandarin duck sail feathers change with seasons due to hormones and genetic regulation.
October 2022 in “Biomedicines” Finasteride in male rats causes liver and metabolic issues in their offspring.
December 2025 in “Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)” Pregnant women should avoid handling crushed finasteride tablets, but exposure through a male partner's semen is minimal.
1 citations
,
January 2016 in “Medicinski glasnik Specijalne bolnice za bolesti štitaste žlezde i bolesti metabolizma” Most 46XX CAH patients have female identity, but a few identify as male and may need treatment and surgery.
Bilateral Orchiectomy effectively reduces the need for anti-androgen medication in most transgender females.
June 2026 in “The Journal of Sexual Medicine” Finasteride 1 mg reduces semen quality without affecting hormones.
2 citations
,
February 2020 in “Journal of Investigative Surgery” Flutamide-induced hypospadias in rats slows down early wound healing.
March 2009 in “The Journal of Urology” Finasteride helps treat hair loss and prostate issues by blocking a hormone.
January 2004 in “Banca y finanzas: Revista profesional de gestión financiera” Androgens increase pigmentation in certain hamster skin areas, but estrogens can reverse this effect.
January 2024 in “Biology of sex differences” Dihydrotestosterone makes arteries stiffer in female mice by reducing estrogen receptor expression.
168 citations
,
August 2000 in “American Journal of Pathology” Fibromodulin might help reduce scarring if increased in adult wounds like in fetal skin that heals without scars.
Knocking out the FGF5 gene in sheep increased wool production and hair-follicle density.
October 2019 in “Research Square (Research Square)” The junction of the inner and outer prepuce with good blood flow is best for vascular pedicle flaps.
Fetal environments contain various chemicals that may disrupt hormones.
October 2025 in “Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT)” Hormone therapies improve mental health and quality of life for those with gender dysphoria.
86 citations
,
February 2009 in “Journal of Neuroscience” Pregnancy increases certain GABAA receptors in rat brains, influenced by steroid levels.
2 citations
,
December 2001 in “PubMed” 76 citations
,
July 2009 in “Neuroscience” Neurosteroids like allopregnanolone help control cell death and growth in the developing fetal brain.
5 citations
,
June 2008 in “Acta Cirurgica Brasileira” Finasteride causes sperm production decrease in Mesocricetus auratus.
October 2023 in “Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology” Finasteride is more harmful to male reproductive health than minoxidil.
32 citations
,
July 2017 in “Clinical and Experimental Dermatology” Finasteride effectively treats hair loss in transgender men with few side effects.