9 citations
,
October 2017 in “Molecular Medicine Reports” Finasteride causes reduced tear flow and severe eye inflammation.
January 2019 in “The Annals of Thoracic Surgery” The document concludes that careful planning and execution of facial gender affirmation surgery after at least 12 months of hormonal therapy can improve the quality of life for transgender individuals.
9 citations
,
August 2000 in “Journal of Periodontal Research” Finasteride reduces testosterone conversion, progesterone lessens this, and levamisole enhances finasteride's effect.
May 2006 in “Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology” Progesterone and its metabolites affect myelin protein expression differently in male and female rat Schwann cells.
June 2026 in “The Journal of Sexual Medicine” Finasteride 1 mg reduces semen quality without affecting hormones.
11 citations
,
September 2012 in “Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology Canada” Testosterone therapy seems safe for short-term use in postmenopausal women with low sexual desire, but more research on long-term effects is needed.
February 2023 in “Frontiers in Endocrinology” Too much male hormone in mothers can negatively affect the sexual behavior of both male and female baby mice.
11 citations
,
January 2014 in “CellBio” Sex steroids, especially progesterone, can slow down the growth of mouse melanoma cells.
November 2023 in “Research Square (Research Square)” Finasteride affects the male rat brain by reducing certain protein activation, but these effects may reverse after stopping the drug.
22 citations
,
December 2010 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology” Finasteride may increase depression by reducing brain cell growth.
1 citations
,
January 2011 in “Journal of Human Reproductive Sciences” Finasteride may decrease semen quality but not harm sperm production, and stopping the drug can improve semen quality; hyperprolactinemia can cause infertility but is treatable with medication.
April 2024 in “JCEM case reports” A man's breast enlargement from low-dose finasteride for hair loss didn't go away, even with treatment, and might be more common than reported.
10 citations
,
January 2017 in “Skin Pharmacology and Physiology” Finasteride may cause vitiligo, sexual issues, and depression; better treatments and predicting side effects needed.
November 2017 in “JAMA internal medicine” Women also use 5α-reductase inhibitors, and their effects differ from men.
35 citations
,
April 2013 in “Sexual medicine reviews” 5-alpha reductase inhibitors slightly increase the risk of sexual and mood side effects, and breast growth in men.
15 citations
,
May 2009 in “Steroids” Certain compounds reduced hamster flank organ size by inhibiting 5α-reductase, like finasteride, without affecting androgen receptors.
35 citations
,
February 1994 in “Fundamental and applied toxicology” High doses of finasteride cause cell growth and tumors in mice.
24 citations
,
October 2016 in “Oncotarget” Finasteride has a higher risk of reproductive side effects than minoxidil.
57 citations
,
August 2018 in “British Journal of Dermatology” Testosterone therapy in transgender men can cause acne.
124 citations
,
July 1997 in “Journal of Biological Chemistry” Overexpressing a specific enzyme in mice causes hair loss and female infertility.
October 2025 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” The patient was satisfied with hormone therapy, and her epilepsy remained stable.
18 citations
,
March 2002 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Estrogen increases blood vessel growth factor production, while testosterone blocks this increase.
March 2024 in “Journal of Endocrinological Investigation” Finasteride treatment in rats changed the expression of genes related to psychiatric and neurological functions, and these changes persisted after stopping the drug.
March 2025 in “Scientific Reports” Menthol-based microemulsions improve skin delivery of finasteride and silodosin.
October 2025 in “Contribuciones a las Ciencias Sociales” Alopecia in transgender individuals on hormone therapy can worsen emotional distress and affect self-esteem.
24 citations
,
December 2013 in “Sexual medicine reviews” Finasteride can cause sexual problems and depression in young men.
January 2024 in “Repositorio Digital de la Universidad Villanueva” 20 citations
,
April 2009 in “Fertility and Sterility” 41 citations
,
July 2001 in “PubMed” Estrogens can reduce DHT production in hair follicles, but are less effective than finasteride and progesterone.
14 citations
,
December 1998 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” MENT could be a better option than testosterone for male hormone therapy and birth control because it works well at lower doses and has fewer side effects on the prostate.