14 citations
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August 1943 in “Archives of Dermatology” Applying estradiol to skin causes local changes but not cancer.
37 citations
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May 2018 in “Transgender health” Oral estradiol works for many transgender women but needs personalized dosing and monitoring.
108 citations
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September 2002 in “The Journal of clinical investigation/The journal of clinical investigation” Lowering testosterone speeds up wound healing in male mice.
April 2016 in “ValpoScholar (Valparaiso University)” Finasteride side effects may be reduced by considering brain differences.
12 citations
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September 2002 in “Journal of Neurochemistry” Pregnancy-related hormone changes affect Y1 receptor gene expression in mice.
4 citations
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July 1983 in “Journal of steroid biochemistry/Journal of Steroid Biochemistry” Certain hormones can reduce skin oil and hair growth, potentially helping treat acne and excessive hair in women.
November 2024 in “Skin Appendage Disorders” Start low-dose minoxidil gradually, especially for women, to reduce side effects.
24 citations
,
December 2013 in “Sexual medicine reviews” Finasteride can cause sexual problems and depression in young men.
May 2022 in “Endocrine Abstracts” Finasteride may cause sexual dysfunction by reducing epinephrine levels.
38 citations
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October 2014 in “Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes and Obesity” 5-alpha reductase deficiency leads to male sexual development issues and treatments like finasteride help with prostate enlargement and hair loss.
October 2025 in “Contribuciones a las Ciencias Sociales” Alopecia in transgender individuals on hormone therapy can worsen emotional distress and affect self-esteem.
35 citations
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January 2005 in “Brain Research” Progesterone's anesthetic effects don't rely on progesterone receptors.
Gender-diverse individuals face more depression and anxiety, possibly due to unique stress profiles.
January 2014 in “Side effects of drugs annual” Exposure to certain sex hormones can increase health risks, while some hormone therapies may offer benefits for specific conditions.
January 2016 in “Dermatology Online Journal” Hormonal therapy changes skin and hair in transgender patients, who need better researched dermatologic care.
23 citations
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July 2015 in “The Journal of Membrane Biology” Testosterone increases certain proteins in the uterus, reducing fluid volume.
4 citations
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April 2018 in “British Journal of Dermatology” Finasteride for female hair loss has low side effects, more research needed.
January 2007 in “xPharm: The Comprehensive Pharmacology Reference”
February 2014 in “Revista Argentina de Cardiología” Androgens may increase arrhythmias in Brugada Syndrome, while Finasteride could reduce them.
Finasteride improves hair but may reduce sperm quality at higher doses.
30 citations
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March 2001 in “Environmental Health Perspectives” Small changes in hormones can significantly impact health, showing the importance of sensitive testing for chemicals that disrupt hormones.
Finasteride reduces blood vessel formation in seminal vesicles.
24 citations
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October 2016 in “Oncotarget” Finasteride has a higher risk of reproductive side effects than minoxidil.
9 citations
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August 2000 in “Journal of Periodontal Research” Finasteride reduces testosterone conversion, progesterone lessens this, and levamisole enhances finasteride's effect.
100 citations
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July 2004 in “The Journal of Sexual Medicine” Hormones like estrogen, testosterone, progesterone, and prolactin play complex roles in female sexual function, with testosterone potentially improving sexual desire, arousal, and satisfaction. However, more research is needed to establish safe and effective hormone treatments for female sexual dysfunction.
3 citations
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January 2022 in “Journal of neuroendocrinology” Sex hormones affect brain cells differently in males and females.
9 citations
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November 2014 in “Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism” A 15-year-old girl with rare reproductive disorders received hormone therapy to develop secondary sexual traits, but infertility persisted.
1 citations
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August 2015 in “Current Sexual Health Reports” 5α-reductase inhibitors can cause serious and possibly lasting sexual and psychological side effects.
September 2025 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” Sublingual minoxidil significantly improves hair growth in transgender individuals on testosterone therapy.
35 citations
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April 2013 in “Sexual medicine reviews” 5-alpha reductase inhibitors slightly increase the risk of sexual and mood side effects, and breast growth in men.