26 citations
,
September 2005 in “Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior” 5alpha-reductase 2 is crucial for proper male brain development and sexual differentiation.
4 citations
,
January 2002 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology” Long-pulsed ruby laser effectively reduces hair in male-to-female transsexuals.
157 citations
,
May 2016 in “Plastic and reconstructive surgery/PSEF CD journals” Facial feminization surgery is safe and patients are satisfied, but more detailed research is needed.
1 citations
,
October 2021 in “LGBT health” The review discusses how facial masculinization surgeries are done and their costs.
162 citations
,
April 2016 in “The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology” Testosterone therapy in transgender men has both desired effects like increased muscle mass and potential health risks such as higher cardiovascular risk.
10 citations
,
February 2019 in “Toxicological Sciences” Finasteride exposure affects gene expression and anogenital distance in male rat fetuses.
2 citations
,
January 2012 in “Journal für Kardiologie (Krause & Pachernegg GmbH)” Hirsutism and alopecia during menopause can be diagnosed and treated with specific hormonal and topical therapies.
June 2023 in “Sri Lanka Journal of Menopause” April 2019 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A 12-year-old boy with PAIS successfully developed male characteristics using high-dose testosterone and anastrozole.
3 citations
,
August 2021 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” Facial hair is crucial for transgender men's gender identity and transition.
2 citations
,
September 2007 in “International Journal of Impotence Research” Local testosterone treatment improved sexual desire in a female with fragile X syndrome.
March 1997 in “Journal of Endocrinology/Journal of endocrinology” Excessive hair growth in women can be treated with medications like spironolactone and finasteride, and male-pattern baldness in women can be improved with similar treatments.
October 2023 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Hormonal therapy in adults with gender dysphoria often leads to skin issues like acne, requiring a team of skin and hormone doctors.
September 2025 in “Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise” Gender-affirming hormone therapy and surgery affect gut bacteria differently.
January 2026 in “JCEM Case Reports” Genetics may play a significant role in gender dysphoria.
37 citations
,
January 2009 in “Sexual Development” Fadrozole and Finasteride change frog sex ratios and cause intersex animals with altered gene expressions.
February 1976 in “PubMed” Sex hormone therapy is effective for certain skin conditions like acne and seborrhea, but less so for female hair loss and excessive hair growth.
May 2021 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A woman developed male characteristics after using unregulated hormone therapy.
October 2025 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” The patient was satisfied with hormone therapy, and her epilepsy remained stable.
38 citations
,
October 2014 in “Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes and Obesity” 5-alpha reductase deficiency leads to male sexual development issues and treatments like finasteride help with prostate enlargement and hair loss.
1 citations
,
September 2016 in “Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery Global Open” Facial Feminization Surgery is effective and safe, with minimal complications.
September 2023 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” Hormone therapy in transgender and gender diverse individuals affects hair loss differently than in cisgender individuals.
1 citations
,
October 2012 in “Gynäkologische Endokrinologie” The document concludes that proper diagnosis and individualized treatment are crucial for managing androgenization in women effectively.
10 citations
,
May 2009 in “Cases Journal” A woman's masculine symptoms were caused by an ovarian tumor, which improved after surgery.
The document concludes that antiandrogenic drugs like cyproterone acetate and spironolactone are effective but not permanent treatments for skin-related androgenization in women.
10 citations
,
February 2016 in “The Journal for Nurse Practitioners” Healthcare providers need better education and resources to give competent and sensitive care to transgender patients.
April 2024 in “Journal of endocrinological investigation” Topical minoxidil helps transgender individuals assigned female at birth grow more facial hair.
9 citations
,
February 2022 in “Biomedicines” Testosterone treatment may change estrogen receptor methylation in AFAB individuals.
March 2009 in “The Journal of Urology” Finasteride helps treat hair loss and prostate issues by blocking a hormone.
March 2026 in “Journal of Dermatological Treatment” Topical 3% minoxidil effectively and safely enhances facial hair in transgender men.