1 citations
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September 1981 in “PubMed” Cyproterone acetate effectively treats virilized women, especially under 35, despite some side effects.
8 citations
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February 2010 in “Journal für Kardiologie (Krause & Pachernegg GmbH)” A new system helps better diagnose and treat female androgenization conditions like PCOS.
January 2023 in “Pediatrics International” Non-classical 21-hydroxylase deficiency can be missed in newborn screenings and should be considered in cases of early puberty or virilization.
20 citations
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July 2005 in “Experimental dermatology” The fuzzy gene is crucial for controlling hair growth cycles.
November 2012 in “Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes” A new genetic mutation causes severe Leydig cell hypoplasia, affecting sexual development.
24 citations
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January 2011 in “Sexual Development” Intersex frogs have different brain gene activity related to sex and thyroid hormones.
1 citations
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January 2016 in “Medicinski glasnik Specijalne bolnice za bolesti štitaste žlezde i bolesti metabolizma” Most 46XX CAH patients have female identity, but a few identify as male and may need treatment and surgery.
1 citations
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March 2012 in “Journal of pediatric & adolescent gynecology” A young girl with high testosterone was thought to have a tumor but actually had PCOS, which was treated with birth control pills.
September 2008 in “Fertility and Sterility” Exposure to fatty acids significantly increased androgen levels in female dogs, suggesting a link to conditions like insulin resistance and PCOS.
September 2022 in “Annals of medicine and surgery” Three siblings with a rare genetic condition had abnormal sexual development and chose different gender identities, needing surgery and therapy.
3 citations
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February 2018 in “Human Reproduction” A man with testotoxicosis was fertile despite low FSH levels, suggesting high testosterone may allow sperm production without FSH.
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September 1996 in “PubMed” Finasteride affects prostate development differently in male and female Mongolian gerbils.
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March 2004 in “The Journal of Urology” Hypospadiac rats showed abnormal genital development, useful for studying human hypospadias.
June 2011 in “Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT)” Estrogens and androgens are crucial for male fertility.
September 2024 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” High doses of testosterone disrupt hormone levels and receptor expression in the uterus, affecting fertility.
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143 citations
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August 1991 in “Endocrinology” Androgens, like testosterone, are crucial for early testicular descent in rats.
July 2025 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Androgens reduce THY1 in skin cells, leading to less fat, more fibrosis, and worse healing in males.
January 2025 in “Biomedicines” High testosterone levels can harm fertility by disrupting the LIF signaling pathway in the uterus.
April 2020 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A woman's severe hirsutism was caused by Leydig cell tumors in her ovaries, which improved after surgery.
November 2022 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A 13-year-old girl's masculine symptoms improved after surgery for a rare adrenal tumor that produced male hormones.
November 2021 in “Khyber Medical University Journal” A rare ovarian tumor caused a postmenopausal woman to develop male-like features, which improved after surgery.
1 citations
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August 2012 in “Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics” Finasteride can help induce ovulation and lead to a healthy birth in some women.
1 citations
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November 2007 in “Neuro-chirurgie/Neurochirurgie” Cyproterone acetate is a safe treatment that causes modest feminization in transgender female adolescents, and works better with added estrogens.
46 citations
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October 2012 in “Seminars in reproductive medicine” Genetic defects in androgen production are linked to male developmental disorders and are improving treatment understanding.
4 citations
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March 2019 in “JAT. Journal of applied toxicology/Journal of applied toxicology” PFOS exposure disrupts hormone levels and enzyme activities in juvenile frogs, affecting males and females differently.
May 2021 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A woman developed male characteristics after using unregulated hormone therapy.
October 2008 in “DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)” A 20-month-old girl had a rare adrenal tumor removed successfully, with no recurrence for 10 years.
17 citations
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April 2009 in “Andrologia” A boy's early puberty caused by a testicular tumor returned to normal after surgery.