December 2005 in “Endocrine-related cancer” A woman's adrenal tumor disappeared after treatment with cyproterone acetate.
36 citations
,
May 2017 in “The journal of sexual medicine” Cyproterone acetate treatment is safe and causes mild feminization, which increases with added estrogen.
23 citations
,
April 2010 in “Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C Toxicology & Pharmacology” The piRNA pathway genes are crucial in early development and may influence sex differentiation through hormone regulation.
22 citations
,
February 2014 in “Arquivos Brasileiros De Endocrinologia E Metabologia” An 81-year-old woman's severe male hormone symptoms were caused by an ovarian tumor, which was treated with surgery.
17 citations
,
September 2013 in “The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology”
July 2025 in “Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology” Early androgen exposure affects hormone receptor expression in adult female rats' brains, but not in males.
4 citations
,
September 2010 in “Medical Hypotheses” 157 citations
,
May 2016 in “Plastic and reconstructive surgery/PSEF CD journals” Facial feminization surgery is safe and patients are satisfied, but more detailed research is needed.
12 citations
,
February 2017 in “International journal of developmental neuroscience” Female guinea pigs exposed to less allopregnanolone before birth showed more anxiety-like behavior.
13 citations
,
January 1995 in “Postgraduate medicine” Excessive hair growth in women can be harmless or signal serious health issues, and treatment often includes medication and hair removal, with noticeable results after 3-6 months.
January 2020 in “Nihon Yakuri Gakkai nenkai yoshishu” Reducing 5α-reductase activity helps endometrial cells differentiate, aiding pregnancy.
1 citations
,
April 2022 in “AACE clinical case reports” A 36-year-old person with a female appearance but male chromosomes was diagnosed with a rare enzyme deficiency affecting sexual development.
July 2023 in “Assiut Veterinary Medical Journal/Maǧallaẗ Asyūṭ al-ṭibiyyaẗ al-baytariyyaẗ” Antiandrogens help improve developmental delays caused by valproic acid in rats.
3 citations
,
June 2018 in “International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy” Baby born healthy despite mom taking finasteride, but more research needed.
October 2024 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Surgical removal of a rare ovarian tumor improved symptoms and hormone levels in a postmenopausal woman.
July 2024 in “Reproductive health of woman” Girls conceived via assisted reproductive technologies show early puberty signs and larger ovaries.
2 citations
,
July 2012 in “Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology” A 12-year-old girl with very high testosterone and insulin resistance improved with birth control pills, suggesting PCOS can cause high testosterone without tumors.
1 citations
,
August 2019 in “Environmental Toxicology” Exposure to low doses of finasteride in the womb causes changes in the prostate of both male and female gerbils.
12 citations
,
January 2016 in “Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism case reports” Testosterone therapy improved physical and social health in a male with 49,XXXXY syndrome.
94 citations
,
March 1996 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” 6 citations
,
March 2021 in “Frontiers in surgery” A woman's symptoms of increased body hair and testosterone were caused by a rare adrenal tumor, which was removed successfully.
November 2022 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A woman's small ovarian tumor causing high androgen levels was missed by several scans but found during surgery.
2 citations
,
March 2003 in “Endocrine Practice” The woman's symptoms and tests suggest her adrenal glands are producing too many male hormones.
6 citations
,
June 2006 in “International Journal of Gynecological Pathology” A postmenopausal woman's hormone imbalance and symptoms improved after removing benign ovarian tumors.
1 citations
,
July 2010 in “PubMed” December 1981 in “Pediatric Research” 4 citations
,
August 2021 in “Pediatrics in review” DSDs are birth conditions causing unusual sex development, managed with personalized care and sometimes surgery, but still lack a standard treatment approach.
July 2008 in “International journal of psychophysiology” Cyproterone acetate is a safe treatment that causes mild feminizing effects in adolescent trans-girls.
7 citations
,
January 2018 in “Reproduction” Inhibiting 5α-reductase increases progesterone levels in late pregnant mares.
1 citations
,
April 2015 in “The FASEB Journal” Blocking androgens in male rats increased estrogen and made them more active.