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GlossaryFollicular Melanocytes

specialized cells in hair follicles that produce hair pigment

Follicular melanocytes are specialized cells located in hair follicles that produce melanin, the pigment responsible for hair color. These cells play a crucial role in determining the color of your hair by transferring melanin to the keratinocytes, the cells that make up the hair shaft.

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P21Waf1/Cip1 Is Differentially Expressed in Epidermal Versus Follicular Melanocytes and Melanoma Cells and Is Phenotypically Regulated by UVB-Mediated Apoptosis

research 1272 p21Waf1/Cip1 is differentially expressed in epidermal versus follicular melanocytes and melanoma cells and is phenotypically regulated by UVB-mediated apoptosis

April 2023 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

The protein p21 is more abundant in normal skin cells than in melanoma cells and may help protect against melanoma, with UVB light affecting its levels.

research Age-induced hair greying - the multiple effects of oxidative stress

67 citations , August 2013 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science”

Hair greying is caused by oxidative stress damaging hair follicles and melanocytes.

research Apoptosis in Hair and Skin: A Review

2 citations , August 2019 in “Journal of skin and stem cell”

The study concludes that regulating apoptosis could lead to new treatments for various skin and hair conditions.

research Genetics of thyroid lesions updated

January 2014 in “Pathology”

RET mutation is important in familial medullary thyroid carcinoma, and BRAF mutation in papillary thyroid carcinoma is linked to more aggressive cancer and higher death rates.

research Transplantation of melanocyte stem cells in vitiliginous skin

1 citations , December 2015 in “Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)”

Transplanting melanocyte stem cells from hair follicles can effectively treat vitiligo.

research Mechanism of Apoptotic Regulation of Follicular Regression

2 citations , June 2001 in “American Journal of Pathology”

The document concludes that understanding how hair follicles naturally die and regenerate is important for insights into organ development and could impact health and disease treatment.

The Lysosomal Protease Cathepsin L Is an Important Regulator of Keratinocyte and Melanocyte Differentiation During Hair Follicle Morphogenesis and Cycling

research The Lysosomal Protease Cathepsin L Is an Important Regulator of Keratinocyte and Melanocyte Differentiation During Hair Follicle Morphogenesis and Cycling

146 citations , May 2002 in “The American journal of pathology”

Cathepsin L is essential for normal hair growth and development.

research SPRY1 Deficiency in Keratinocytes Induces Follicular Melanocyte Stem Cell Migration to the Epidermis through p53/Stem Cell Factor/C-KIT Signaling

4 citations , March 2024 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

SPRY1 deficiency in skin cells causes stem cells to move to the skin surface, leading to increased pigmentation.

research Profiling the Response of Human Hair Follicles to Ultraviolet Radiation

53 citations , January 2009 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

UVB radiation harms hair growth and health, causing cell death and other changes in human hair follicles.

research Age-Related Hair Pigment Loss

20 citations , January 2015 in “Current problems in dermatology”

Graying hair happens due to aging and might be delayed by new treatments.

research Loss of ‘Epidermal Melanin Unit’ Integrity in Human Skin During Melanoma-Genesis

13 citations , April 2022 in “Frontiers in oncology”

Melanoma development can be linked to the breakdown of skin's melanin-producing units.

research Efficacy of an agonist ofα-MSH, the palmitoyl tetrapeptide-20, in hair pigmentation

12 citations , September 2018 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science”

Palmitoyl tetrapeptide-20 may help reduce hair greying and increase melanin production.

Fractional CO₂ Laser Combined With Topical Compound Betamethasone for Vitiligo-Associated Leukotrichia: A Retrospective Study of 13 Patients With Limited Effectiveness

research Fractional CO₂ laser combined with topical compound betamethasone for Vitiligo-Associated Leukotrichia: a retrospective study of 13 patients with limited effectiveness

February 2026

The treatment showed limited success in repigmenting hair for vitiligo-associated leukotrichia.

research Dermatosurgical techniques for repigmentation of vitiligo

60 citations , April 2006 in “International Journal of Dermatology”

Surgical methods like suction blister grafting and split-thickness skin grafting are highly successful for vitiligo repigmentation, but choosing the right patients is crucial for success.

research Apoptosis and cutaneous biology

60 citations , June 1997 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology”

Apoptosis is crucial for healthy skin and treating skin diseases.

research Identification of hair shaft progenitors that create a niche for hair pigmentation

44 citations , April 2017 in “Genes & development”

Scientists found cells in hair that are key for growth and color.

Single-Cell Sequencing Reveals the Intermediate Cell State and Function of Dermal Papilla Cells in the Hair Follicle Cycle of Cashmere Goats

research Single-cell sequencing reveals the intermediate cell state and function of dermal papilla cells in the hair follicle cycle of cashmere goats

May 2020 in “Research Square (Research Square)”

Researchers found four key stages of cell development that are important for hair growth and shedding in cashmere goats.

research Spatiotemporal Labeling of Melanocytes in Mice

4 citations , May 2018 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences”

The research showed how melanocytes develop, move, and respond to UV light, and their stem cells' role in hair color and skin cancer risk.

research Organogenesis From Dissociated Cells: Generation of Mature Cycling Hair Follicles From Skin-Derived Cells

205 citations , April 2005 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Scientists have found a way to create hair follicles from skin cells of newborn mice, which can grow and cycle naturally when injected into adult mouse skin.

research Do Hair Bulb Melanocytes Undergo Apotosis During Hair Follicle Regression (Catagen)?

130 citations , December 1998 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

Hair follicle melanocytes die during hair regression.

Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma Incidences Analyzed Worldwide by Skin Type Over Advancing Age of Males and Females: Evidence Estrogen and Androgenic Hair Are Risk Factors

research Cutaneous malignant melanoma incidences analyzed worldwide by skin type over advancing age of males and females: Evidence estrogen and androgenic hair are risk factors

3 citations , December 2016 in “Journal of epidemiological research”

Estrogen and androgenic hair increase melanoma risk, especially in European-ancestry individuals.

research Exploring the hair follicle immune privilege state in nonsegmental vitiligo

May 2025 in “Journal of the Egyptian Womenʼs Dermatologic Society”

Hair follicles in nonsegmental vitiligo are better protected from immune attacks than in alopecia areata.

research When the Circadian Clock Meets the Melanin Pigmentary System

18 citations , March 2015 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Silencing certain circadian clock genes increases skin pigmentation.

research Pathogenesis and regenerative therapy in vitiligo and alopecia areata: focus on hair follicle

January 2025 in “Frontiers in Medicine”

Hair follicles are key to treating vitiligo and alopecia areata, but challenges exist.

Synergistic Delivery of Ginseng Exosomes and Biomimetic Melanosomes via Temporally Controlled Hydrogel Microneedles Restrain the Pathologic Triad of Vitiligo

research Synergistic delivery of ginseng exosomes and biomimetic melanosomes via temporally controlled hydrogel microneedles restrain the pathologic triad of vitiligo

March 2026 in “Journal of Nanobiotechnology”

A new microneedle treatment can effectively repigment skin in vitiligo.

Stress-Sensing in the Human Greying Hair Follicle: Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM) Depletion in Hair Bulb Melanocytes in Canities-Prone Scalp

research Stress-sensing in the human greying hair follicle: Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM) depletion in hair bulb melanocytes in canities-prone scalp

14 citations , October 2020 in “Scientific reports”

Hair greying is linked to reduced ATM protein in hair cells, which protects against stress and damage.

research Penetration Profile of Microspheres in Follicular Targeting of Terminal Hair Follicles

316 citations , June 2004 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

Microspheres about 1.5 micrometers in size can best penetrate hair follicles, potentially reaching important stem cells.

research Skin melanocytes: biology and development

401 citations , January 2013 in “Postepy Dermatologii I Alergologii”

The paper concludes that understanding melanocyte development can help in insights into skin diseases and melanoma diversity.

Topical Application of Anti-Cancer Drug Bortezomib Stimulates Proliferation of Follicular Cells and Induces Expression of Hair Keratins via GATA-3 Transcription Factor

research 440 Topical application of anti-cancer drug Bortezomib stimulates proliferation of follicular cells and induces expression of hair keratins via GATA-3 transcription factor

April 2016 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

Applying the anti-cancer drug Bortezomib to skin can promote hair growth and increase hair proteins through the GATA-3 factor.

research Embryology, Histology, and Physiology of the Hair Follicle

1 citations , January 2017 in “Springer eBooks”

The document explains how hair follicles develop, their structure, and how they grow.