32 citations
,
July 2017 in “Clinical and Experimental Dermatology” Finasteride effectively treats hair loss in transgender men with few side effects.
The best treatment varies per individual, but options include minoxidil, finasteride, PRP, and LLLT.
April 2020 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Male pattern baldness may indicate arterial stiffness in transgender men on long-term testosterone therapy.
48 citations
,
January 2005 in “Treatments in Endocrinology”
January 2024 in “Brazilian Journal of Hair Health” Testosterone therapy in transgender men can lead to hair loss, with the risk increasing over time and influenced by family history.
May 2026 in “Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)” The best treatment varies based on individual needs and available research.
November 2007 in “Neuro-chirurgie/Neurochirurgie” Cyproterone acetate is a safe treatment that causes mild feminizing effects and is more effective with added estrogens.
1 citations
,
July 2024 in “Journal of Plastic Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery” Estrogen therapy can help stabilize the hairline in transfeminine individuals.
1 citations
,
March 2005 in “Zentralblatt für Gynäkologie” A postmenopausal woman had high testosterone from her right adrenal gland, leading to recommended surgery.
2 citations
,
September 1971 in “Metabolism, clinical and experimental” Dihydrotestosterone has a reduced effect on muscle-building in people with testicular feminization syndrome, especially after their gonads are removed.
105 citations
,
June 2010 in “The journal of sexual medicine” Testosterone undecanoate increases lean mass and causes various physical changes in female-to-male transsexuals.
1 citations
,
May 2018 in “Clinical chemistry” The girl's unexpected pubic hair growth led to a diagnosis different from complete androgen insensitivity syndrome.
December 2022 in “Brazilian Journal of Health Review” Patients with Complete Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome need psychological support and multidisciplinary care for complex treatment decisions.
July 2008 in “International journal of psychophysiology” Cyproterone acetate is a safe treatment that causes mild feminizing effects in adolescent trans-girls.
April 2019 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A 31-year-old woman was diagnosed with Complete Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome much later than usual, leading to a call for earlier detection and treatment guidelines.
2 citations
,
October 2015 in “The New England Journal of Medicine” The woman's surgery lowered her testosterone and improved scalp hair loss but did not change her excessive body hair.
March 2026 in “Mendeley Data” January 2026 in “Mendeley Data” March 2026 in “Mendeley Data”
October 2023 in “IJEM case reports” A 15-year-old girl with no menstrual period was diagnosed with a genetic condition that makes her body unable to respond to male hormones, leading to female characteristics despite having male genetic makeup.
57 citations
,
August 2018 in “British Journal of Dermatology” Testosterone therapy in transgender men can cause acne.
December 2024 in “European Journal of Dermatology” Transgender acne treatment requires a tailored approach with ongoing topical treatments and ceramide-rich moisturizers.
94 citations
,
April 2002 in “The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Journal of clinical endocrinology & metabolism” A new gene mutation causes female pseudohermaphroditism due to glucocorticoid resistance.
Transgender patients face more barriers to oral healthcare, leading to poorer oral health and quality of life.
176 citations
,
August 2000 in “The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Journal of clinical endocrinology & metabolism” Hormone treatments in transsexual individuals reduce hair growth and oil production in male-to-females and increase them in female-to-males.
6 citations
,
March 2024 in “The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health” May 2021 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A woman developed male characteristics after using unregulated hormone therapy.
8 citations
,
April 2022 in “Trends in cancer” Hormone therapy affects cancer risks in transgender individuals differently than in cisgender people, and more research is needed to understand these risks and improve cancer screening guidelines.
May 2021 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Transgender females can reach their target estrogen levels using estradiol patches, especially if oral treatments fail or if they're at risk for blood clots. Often, the highest dose patch is needed.
1 citations
,
January 2016 in “Medicinski glasnik Specijalne bolnice za bolesti štitaste žlezde i bolesti metabolizma” Most 46XX CAH patients have female identity, but a few identify as male and may need treatment and surgery.