32 citations
,
September 2018 in “Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology” Hormone therapy for transgender females increases the risk of blood clots and requires careful dosing, monitoring, and lifelong management.
17 citations
,
September 2023 in “Journal of Gay & Lesbian Mental Health” Gender-affirming care greatly improves mental health for transgender and non-binary individuals.
9 citations
,
July 2024 in “Internal Medicine Journal” Gender-affirming hormone therapy improves mental health and gender incongruence but requires careful management of cardiovascular and cancer risks.
8 citations
,
January 2025 in “Journal of Adolescent Health” Most transgender adolescents continued hormone treatment, with few stopping due to reasons other than returning to their birth gender.
4 citations
,
January 2022 in “Journal of Menopausal Medicine” Gender-affirming hormone therapy in South Korea aligns with international guidelines and has specific side effects.
1 citations
,
April 2022 in “Emergency Medicine Australasia” The document concludes that respectful, gender-affirming healthcare improves mental health and encourages continued medical care for transgender and non-binary individuals.
January 2026 in “Endocrinology” September 2025 in “Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise” Gender-affirming hormone therapy and surgery affect gut bacteria differently.
October 2024 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Gender-affirming hormone therapy affects metabolism differently based on treatment type.
October 2024 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Feminizing hormone therapy increases kidney filtration rate.
February 2024 in “Hormones” Future hormone therapy trials should match the diverse needs and priorities of the gender-diverse community.
June 2023 in “Clinical and Experimental Dermatology” Gender-affirming hormone therapy changes hair growth in transgender people, with feminizing therapy reducing hair and masculinizing therapy increasing it, but sometimes additional treatment is needed.
15 citations
,
September 2021 in “Frontiers in Endocrinology” Hormone therapy increases the risk of heart-related issues in transgender women and may affect heart health in transgender men.
11 citations
,
May 2022 in “World Journal of Biological Chemistry” Progesterone may help trans women with breast development and health, but more research is needed.
9 citations
,
February 2022 in “Biomedicines” Testosterone treatment may change estrogen receptor methylation in AFAB individuals.
1 citations
,
April 2024 in “Journal of Plastic Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery” 1 citations
,
October 2023 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Testosterone treatment may affect heart response to stress in transgender men.
2170 citations
,
September 2017 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” A multidisciplinary approach is crucial for safe and effective hormone treatment in gender-dysphoric individuals, with specific guidelines for adolescents and adults.
7 citations
,
May 2019 in “British Journal of Dermatology” Transgender and nonbinary individuals experience hair loss, with transmen on testosterone seeing more severe hair loss, while feminizing hormones may stabilize hair loss in transwomen.
1 citations
,
April 2022 in “Indian Journal of Plastic Surgery” Hormone therapy greatly improves the quality of life for adults seeking gender reaffirmation, but more research is needed in India.
June 2023 in “JMIR dermatology” The conclusion is that recognizing the difference between gender identity and biological sex is crucial in dermatology to improve patient care and research accuracy.
April 2019 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Care for gender-dysphoric Veterans can be improved with a consistent, team-based approach.
February 2023 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” Transgender patients on masculinizing hormones have higher hair loss rates than cisgender women.
68 citations
,
February 2019 in “Urology” Hormonal treatment in transgender women reduces semen quality, but stopping treatment may improve it.
34 citations
,
April 2023 in “Climacteric” Gender-affirming hormone therapy affects health risks and requires careful management, especially as transgender individuals age.
19 citations
,
February 2021 in “Journal of Clinical Investigation” More research is needed on the health effects of hormone therapy for transgender and nonbinary people.
19 citations
,
April 2019 in “Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health” Transmasculine individuals on testosterone therapy need tailored contraception and fertility advice due to unique risks and benefits of each contraceptive method.
17 citations
,
December 2020 in “Journal of Genetic Counseling” Genetic counselors should be culturally skilled and aware of transgender patients' unique health risks and needs.
4 citations
,
March 2022 in “Transgender Health” Psoriasis rates in transgender people are similar to the general population, but hormone therapy might affect it.
May 2025 in “Oxford Academix (Oxford)” Dermatology trainees lack standardized guidelines and education for treating testosterone-induced skin conditions in transmasculine individuals.