51 citations
,
August 2012 in “Differentiation” Mouse genital development depends on male or female hormones for specific features.
7 citations
,
June 2006 in “Pediatrics in Review” Most genital symptoms in prepubertal girls are normal or nontraumatic, not signs of abuse.
July 2001 in “APMIS. Acta pathologica, microbiologica et immunologica Scandinavica./APMIS” Male children's genital development issues can be caused by genetic mutations or environmental factors affecting hormone action.
122 citations
,
July 1990 in “Teratology” Finasteride exposure in pregnancy causes genital abnormalities in male rats.
1 citations
,
August 2021 in “Pediatrics in review” A 10-year-old girl had genital pain from a small, red, crusty mass on her labia.
September 2020 in “Journal of Health, Medicine and Nursing” A 10-year-old boy with abnormal genital development had surgery and tests to find the cause and plan treatment.
November 2014 in “Elsevier eBooks” Gene mutations can cause problems in male genital development.
111 citations
,
May 2001 in “Human reproduction update” Insufficient androgen action in male fetuses can cause genital development issues due to genetic mutations or environmental chemicals.
5 citations
,
February 2020 in “Journal of pediatric & adolescent gynecology” Recurrent vaginal bleeding in young girls without puberty signs may require a genital exam to find hidden causes.
January 2011 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” Two patients had a rare combination of red skin spots and white scaly skin lesions not on the genitals.
September 1985 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” Dr. Rasmussen disagrees with Alexander and Schor, emphasizing uncertainty in genital wart transmission and advocating for discussions on potential abuse and referrals in such cases.
6 citations
,
September 2020 in “Journal of Mind and Medical Sciences” Vaginal surgeries generally did not significantly change women's sexual quality of life.
297 citations
,
December 2005 in “Journal of controlled release” P-SLN nanoparticles effectively deliver podophyllotoxin to the skin.
January 2024 in “Journal of Cosmetics Dermatological Sciences and Applications” The creams are safe for pubic hair removal with minor, temporary skin irritation.
2 citations
,
August 2020 in “JCRPE” A girl with Denys-Drash syndrome was misdiagnosed due to biotin affecting her hormone test results.
56 citations
,
December 2002 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” Human bone cells mainly produce a type 1 enzyme that may help regulate bone health.
53 citations
,
June 1993 in “Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America” LY191704 is a compound that effectively blocks a specific enzyme involved in hormone conversion and could help treat enlarged prostate and hair loss.
35 citations
,
May 2002 in “Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology” Chronic pelvic pain in men is common, but its cause is unknown and treatments are often ineffective.
15 citations
,
August 2010 in “Annals of saudi medicine/Annals of Saudi medicine” Hair tourniquet syndrome is a rare condition where hair wraps around an infant's body part, needing quick removal to prevent damage.
11 citations
,
January 2000 in “Der Hautarzt” Male hypogonadism affects skin and hair, causing thin skin, less hair, and skin reactions to treatment.
11 citations
,
May 1996 in “The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Journal of clinical endocrinology & metabolism” The main enzyme found in pubic skin that could be targeted to treat excessive hair growth is 5 alpha-R2.
9 citations
,
January 1997 in “Endocrine Journal” Gonadal biopsy is the best method to diagnose gonadal dysgenesis.
8 citations
,
October 2021 in “The international journal of risk and safety in medicine” The document sets criteria for diagnosing long-term sexual dysfunctions caused by certain medications.
6 citations
,
April 2019 in “Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America” Testosterone therapy for transmasculine individuals is generally safe with medical supervision, improves mental health, and has mixed effects on physical health.
3 citations
,
September 2022 in “Cureus” Platelet-rich plasma shows promise for treating various female reproductive health issues but requires more research.
3 citations
,
July 2014 in “QJM” A 35-year-old man had patchy hair loss that was actually due to syphilis, not alopecia areata.
2 citations
,
June 2024 in “Plastic Surgery” There is unequal access to gender-affirming surgeries in Canada, with a need for better coverage and specialized programs.
May 2023 in “Asian journal of research in pharmaceutical sciences” Ketoconazole is effective for treating various fungal infections and has new uses in dermatology, but oral use can have serious side effects.
September 2022 in “Annals of medicine and surgery” Three siblings with a rare genetic condition had abnormal sexual development and chose different gender identities, needing surgery and therapy.
July 2021 in “Advances in laboratory medicine” Diagnosing sex development disorders requires combining medical history, physical exams, imaging, lab tests, and genetic data.