2 citations
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March 2018 in “BMJ Case Reports” Check hormone levels in older women to find hidden conditions like certain tumors.
June 2011 in “Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT)” Estrogens and androgens are crucial for male fertility.
April 2025 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” Hirsutism affects many women and is managed with a combination of medical treatments and hair removal, tailored to individual needs.
April 2020 in “International journal of reproduction, contraception, obstetrics and gynecology” A postmenopausal woman with hair loss and hirsutism improved after surgery to remove an ovarian tumor.
53 citations
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January 2006 in “The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Journal of clinical endocrinology & metabolism” Reduced AR gene methylation may cause early pubic hair growth in girls.
19 citations
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July 2013 in “The obstetrician & gynaecologist” The document concludes that careful evaluation is needed to diagnose PCOS correctly due to similar symptoms in other conditions, and accurate testosterone level measurement is crucial.
January 2024 in “JAAD case reports” Netherton syndrome can cause severe and chronic vulvovaginal symptoms that may improve with continuous oral contraceptives.
June 2023 in “Sri Lanka Journal of Menopause” 1 citations
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November 2013 Men with low testosterone or breast growth should be checked for Cushing syndrome.
May 2022 in “The Journal of Sexual Medicine” Finasteride is linked to sexual dysfunction, especially in younger men using it for hair loss.
50 citations
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May 2020 in “Journal of Clinical Medicine” Non-binary transgender individuals need personalized hormonal treatments for better well-being and quality of life.
Low-dose glucocorticoid treatment improves pregnancy and birth rates in women with nonclassical 21-hydroxylase deficiency.
5 citations
,
December 2004 in “Dermatology” Two women with very high androgen levels had only slight skin issues, one due to a non-classical adrenal disorder and the other due to an adrenal tumor.
July 2025 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” 2 citations
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August 1999 in “PubMed”
15 citations
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September 2021 in “Frontiers in Endocrinology” Hormone therapy increases the risk of heart-related issues in transgender women and may affect heart health in transgender men.
8 citations
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September 1997 in “Postgraduate medicine” Older women often have vulva issues due to less estrogen, which can be misdiagnosed and lead to wrong treatments.
9 citations
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July 2023 in “Hypertension” Gender-affirming hormone therapy may increase heart disease risk in transgender individuals.
10 citations
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January 2019 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” Testosterone increases hair growth and acne in transgender men.
April 2019 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Mosaic Klinefelter syndrome can affect male fertility and may be missed in routine tests.
October 2025 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” The patient was satisfied with hormone therapy, and her epilepsy remained stable.
July 2013 in “Revista da Universidade Vale do Rio Verde” Flutamide treatment showed no significant changes in mice vaginal mucosa.
January 2017 in “Elsevier eBooks” Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia is mainly caused by enzyme deficiencies, leading to varying symptoms like hormone imbalances and physical changes.
July 2024 in “Reproductive health of woman” Girls conceived via assisted reproductive technologies show early puberty signs and larger ovaries.
124 citations
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September 1992 in “Endocrinology” The human type II 5α-reductase gene, linked to certain male health conditions, has a specific structure and low similarity to other related genes.
December 2023 in “Frontiers in endocrinology” Excess androgens may cause PCOS, not just be a symptom.
10 citations
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August 2020 in “International Journal of Andrology” 5α-reductase inhibitors like finasteride may not be effective or safe for transgender individuals, and more research is needed.
October 2024 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Ovarian stromal hyperplasia can cause high testosterone in postmenopausal women and is treated by removing the ovaries.
1 citations
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May 2013 in “Hair transplant forum international” Non-classical 21 hydroxylase deficiency is an underdiagnosed cause of female hair loss and polycystic ovarian syndrome.
70 citations
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February 2012 in “Human Reproduction” Many young women who donate blood have hormonal disorders like excess male hormones and PCOS.