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A specific metabolite, not a receptor protein, triggers the production of certain kidney enzymes, but this process is disrupted in mice with a mutation causing testicular feminization.

Testosterone treatment effectively causes male physical development in transgender male adolescents but may lead to side effects like acne, higher BMI and blood pressure, lower good cholesterol, and decreased bone density.

A postmenopausal woman had high testosterone from her right adrenal gland, leading to recommended surgery.

Genetics may play a significant role in gender dysphoria.

Dihydrotestosterone has a reduced effect on muscle-building in people with testicular feminization syndrome, especially after their gonads are removed.

Gender-affirming hormone therapy affects metabolism differently based on treatment type.

A short male anogenital distance may indicate incomplete masculinization due to disrupted androgen action.

Most 46XX CAH patients have female identity, but a few identify as male and may need treatment and surgery.

A genetic defect causes males in some Mediterranean populations to be born with ambiguous genitalia and develop male traits at puberty.

A woman's masculine features were caused by a rare ovarian tumor that produced male hormones.

The girl's unexpected pubic hair growth led to a diagnosis different from complete androgen insensitivity syndrome.

Testosterone therapy in transgender men can cause acne.

Pesticide exposure may increase the risk of hypospadias in males.

The statement offers guidance for hormone therapy and surgery to help gender-incongruent adults affirm a male identity.

Finasteride exposure in pregnancy causes genital abnormalities in male rats.

Mouse genital development depends on male or female hormones for specific features.

A 13-year-old girl's masculine symptoms improved after surgery for a rare adrenal tumor that produced male hormones.

A Saudi individual initially identified as a girl had a genetic disorder affecting gender development.

Finasteride exposure affects gene expression and anogenital distance in male rat fetuses.

Hirsutism is common body hair growth due to genetics and hormones, and while not a disease, it can be distressing; virilisation includes hirsutism with other male traits and needs medical attention.

Hypospadiac rats showed abnormal genital development, useful for studying human hypospadias.

The study concludes that a genetic mutation in TFM mice leads to reduced androgen receptor activity, affecting the body's response to male hormones.

Blocking a specific enzyme in male rat fetuses leads to the development of nipples and feminized genitalia.

Masculinizing hormone therapy increases the risk of hair loss in transgender and gender-diverse patients.

The document concludes that personalized hormonal treatments are important for transgender individuals and more research is needed for non-binary treatments.

Three siblings with a rare genetic condition had abnormal sexual development and chose different gender identities, needing surgery and therapy.

Females with 5 alpha-reductase-2 deficiency have less body hair, no acne, normal fertility, and delayed menarche.