11 citations
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November 2022 in “Journal of Endocrinological Investigation” Hormonal treatments can change hair and skin in transgender people, but may not fully achieve desired results.
45 citations
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March 2015 in “Clinical Endocrinology” Testosterone therapy is generally safe for transmen, improves sexual function, and has manageable health risks with proper monitoring.
September 2021 in “Conference Proceedings” Older men with high total testosterone might not show symptoms, while younger men with hyperandrogenism may experience hair loss or acne.
26 citations
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November 1993 in “Progress in Neuro-psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry” Treatment during development affects hormone balance and sexual behavior in male rats.
18 citations
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March 2004 in “The Journal of Urology” Hypospadiac rats showed abnormal genital development, useful for studying human hypospadias.
September 2022 in “Annals of medicine and surgery” Three siblings with a rare genetic condition had abnormal sexual development and chose different gender identities, needing surgery and therapy.
November 2022 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A 13-year-old girl's masculine symptoms improved after surgery for a rare adrenal tumor that produced male hormones.
January 2011 in “InTech eBooks” Pesticide exposure may increase the risk of hypospadias in males.
1 citations
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November 1995 in “Postgraduate medical journal” A Saudi individual initially identified as a girl had a genetic disorder affecting gender development.
Men over 50 often experience urinary issues due to prostate enlargement or bladder problems, treatable with therapies, medications, or surgery.
January 2014 in “Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University)” April 2019 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A 12-year-old boy with PAIS successfully developed male characteristics using high-dose testosterone and anastrozole.
December 2025 in “International Journal of Innovative Technologies in Social Science” Transgender individuals face unique skin issues, often due to hormone therapy, requiring specialized and stigma-free dermatologic care.
September 2020 in “Journal of Health, Medicine and Nursing” A 10-year-old boy with abnormal genital development had surgery and tests to find the cause and plan treatment.
A 22-year-old woman with a rare genetic condition was successfully treated to develop normal female characteristics and regular menstruation.
July 2011 in “British Journal of Dermatology” Hormone treatment caused hair loss, finasteride helped regrowth.
31 citations
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September 2020 in “Clinical endocrinology” Some antiandrogens may lower testosterone better than others, but it's unclear which is best for feminization in transgender women; more research is needed.
9 citations
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May 2024 in “Journal of Clinical & Translational Endocrinology” Gender affirming hormone therapy improves outcomes in gender affirmation surgery.
67 citations
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April 1988 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” A subtle androgen receptor abnormality can allow normal male development and sometimes fertility despite partial androgen resistance.
January 2021 in “Case Reports” A 71-year-old woman developed male-like features due to high testosterone levels caused by a benign ovarian tumor, which was successfully removed by surgery.
46 citations
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October 2012 in “Seminars in reproductive medicine” Genetic defects in androgen production are linked to male developmental disorders and are improving treatment understanding.
7 citations
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April 2000 in “Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine” December 1981 in “Pediatric Research”
1 citations
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January 2017 in “Tohoku journal of experimental medicine” A woman's mature cystic teratoma caused her virilization by producing testosterone.
13 citations
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August 2020 in “Der Hautarzt” Excessive male hormones in women cause symptoms like unwanted hair growth, and treatment requires careful medical evaluation.
May 2021 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A woman developed male characteristics after using unregulated hormone therapy.
June 2023 in “Clinical and Experimental Dermatology” Gender-affirming hormone therapy changes hair growth in transgender people, with feminizing therapy reducing hair and masculinizing therapy increasing it, but sometimes additional treatment is needed.
7 citations
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April 2000 in “Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine”
March 2010 in “The Journal of Urology” Hair loss, prostate size, and urinary issues are related due to androgen effects.
May 2025 in “Journal of the ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societies” Thorough evaluation is crucial for postmenopausal women with virilization to detect rare ovarian tumors.