October 2024 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Gender-affirming hormone therapy affects metabolism differently based on treatment type.
April 2017 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” A boy with Oculodentodigital syndrome had a unique GJA1 gene mutation causing his symptoms.
May 2026 in “BMC Medicine” ACOD1 deficiency worsens hair loss by causing cell aging and mitochondrial problems, but 4-OI may help.
October 2023 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” The document concludes that doctors should thoroughly check postmenopausal women with sudden increased male traits for rare conditions like androgen-producing endometrial cancer.
15 citations
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June 1995 in “The American Journal of the Medical Sciences” Finasteride caused enlarged breast tissue in a 62-year-old man.
10 citations
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January 2007 in “Dermatology” Sex-determining genes may affect male baldness.
12 citations
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January 2009 in “Gynecological Endocrinology” A postmenopausal woman's hair loss and excess hair growth improved after surgery for ovarian hyperthecosis.
8 citations
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February 2010 in “Journal für Kardiologie (Krause & Pachernegg GmbH)” A new system helps better diagnose and treat female androgenization conditions like PCOS.
143 citations
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August 1991 in “Endocrinology” Androgens, like testosterone, are crucial for early testicular descent in rats.
January 2022 in “Clinical Cases in Dermatology” Androgenetic alopecia, a common hair loss condition, can be treated with topical minoxidil, oral finasteride, or oral spironolactone, and new treatments like platelet-rich plasma, low-level laser therapy, and janus-kinase inhibitors are being explored.
April 2019 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Increasing COX-2 in mouse skin causes bigger sebaceous glands and thinner hair, but stopping COX-2 can reverse hair thinning.
3 citations
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September 2014 in “Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology Canada” Menopause often leads to lower sexual desire and discomfort during sex, but treatment should be personalized and only if it bothers the woman.
September 2008 in “Fertility and Sterility” Men and women in infertile couples feel using donor sperm may cause more stress and marital issues than using donor eggs.
1 citations
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December 1971 in “PubMed”
1 citations
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January 1996 in “Springer eBooks” Androgenetic alopecia is a condition causing noticeable hair loss, especially in middle age, which is more severe than normal balding.
November 2018 in “Endocrine Abstracts” A woman's high testosterone levels were caused by a rare ovarian tumor, not the initially diagnosed condition.
16 citations
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June 2022 in “Transgender Health” Oocyte retrieval is possible for transgender men on testosterone therapy without affecting fertility outcomes.
March 2026 in “The Journal of Sexual Medicine” Hormone therapy can improve sexual health and quality of life for women 70 and older.
15 citations
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March 2015 in “PloS one” Scientists restored fertility in male mice lacking a key fertility gene by using a modified gene.
November 2022 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A transman experienced lasting virilization symptoms after stopping testosterone, which were resolved with estradiol treatment.
May 2026 in “International Journal of Dermatology” Higher levels of 3α-diol G are linked to more severe female pattern hair loss.
39 citations
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September 2018 in “American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A” A new genetic mutation in the ODC1 gene causes developmental delay and other symptoms in a young girl.
4 citations
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May 2002 in “Therapeutische Umschau” AGA treated with finasteride, minoxidil, and hair transplantation.
September 2022 in “Annals of medicine and surgery” Three siblings with a rare genetic condition had abnormal sexual development and chose different gender identities, needing surgery and therapy.
3 citations
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November 1999 in “Journal of Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery” AGA is a genetic, hormonal hair loss treated with finasteride, minoxidil, and supplements, but new compounds are being developed.
November 2022 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A boy with a new NR5A1 gene mutation has a sex development disorder without affecting his adrenal glands.
45 citations
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April 2021 in “Current Treatment Options in Oncology” ADT for prostate cancer may harm the heart, but GnRH antagonists might be safer.
1 citations
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August 2015 in “AACE Clinical Case Reports” A new gene mutation causes complete androgen insensitivity in a 16-year-old with a female appearance.
July 2011 in “British Journal of Dermatology” Hormone treatment caused hair loss, finasteride helped regrowth.