52 citations
,
January 2016 in “Sexual Development” Both genetic and hormonal factors are crucial for bird sex differentiation, and disturbances can cause sex reversal.
6 citations
,
January 2010 in “Springer eBooks” SA linked to mitochondrial issues and oxidative stress, while AGA involves disrupted hair growth genes.
Qu-shi-yu-fa Decoction may help treat hair loss by promoting hair growth and strengthening hair follicles.
October 2025 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A rare pituitary tumor in an 18-year-old male caused hormonal issues and vision loss, requiring surgery and further treatment.
15 citations
,
June 1995 in “The American Journal of the Medical Sciences” Finasteride caused enlarged breast tissue in a 62-year-old man.
21 citations
,
July 2019 in “Cardiovascular Research” High levels of male hormones in pregnant mice cause heart enlargement and poor heart function in their female babies.
January 2025 in “Journal of College of Physicians And Surgeons Pakistan” Minimally invasive glaucoma surgery can effectively manage glaucoma in GAPO syndrome when other treatments fail.
September 2024 in “Medicine theory and practice” A young girl's hyperandrogenism was caused by an adrenocortical adenoma, diagnosed and treated through detailed evaluations.
36 citations
,
October 2016 in “Bone” A male with aromatase deficiency improved bone health with estradiol treatment.
9 citations
,
March 2008 in “PubMed” Low estrogen compared to androgen may cause female hair loss.
October 2012 in “Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature” Six new genes linked to early hair loss were found, which also surprisingly connect to Parkinson's disease and lower fertility.
1 citations
,
July 2024 in “Indian Journal of Case Reports” GAPO syndrome causes growth issues, hair loss, missing teeth, and vision problems.
30 citations
,
November 2013 in “PLOS ONE” Androgen receptor signaling causes early aging of cells important for hair growth by damaging their DNA.
August 2009 in “International Journal of Dermatology” A postmenopausal woman's facial redness, acne, and excess hair were caused by too much hormone therapy for insomnia, but improved after stopping the treatment.
22 citations
,
January 2004 in “Dermatology” Topical estrogen helps hair growth in menopausal women with no major side effects.
1 citations
,
January 2008 in “touchREVIEWS in Endocrinology” Generalized glucocorticoid resistance causes hormone imbalances and varied symptoms due to gene mutations.
May 2012 in “CRC Press eBooks” Androgenetic alopecia is the main reason people lose hair, and while some think it's normal, others find it abnormal and want treatment.
195 citations
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June 2005 in “American Journal of Human Genetics” Genetic variation in the androgen receptor gene mainly causes early-onset hair loss, with maternal inheritance playing a key role.
Women with androgenetic alopecia have normal levels of most blood steroids and binding proteins, but higher dehydroepiandrosterone. Some also have low "sex hormone-binding globulin" and "corticosteroide-binding globulin" capacity, and high "free androgen index" and "free cortisol index". Diane treatment can normalize these levels and improve hair conditions.
September 2021 in “Fertility and sterility” Taking 100 mg of DHEA daily for 16 weeks did not change metabolic and reproductive health significantly but increased certain ovarian markers with minimal side effects.
May 2021 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” The 18-year-old girl likely has a condition called müllerian agenesis, which caused her to not have a uterus and experience no menstrual periods.
1 citations
,
May 2007 in “PubMed” Early diagnosis and treatment of haemochromatosis are crucial for reversing organ damage and improving fertility.
129 citations
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February 2006 in “Andrology” Men with low testosterone should be carefully evaluated and monitored before and during treatment.
December 2025 in “Pakistan Journal of Health Sciences” Estrogen deficiency in postmenopausal women can cause skin and hair issues, but local estrogen therapies help improve vaginal health.
17 citations
,
September 2013 in “The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology” 79 citations
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December 1990 in “Clinical endocrinology” The testes control steroid production through complex interactions involving various cells and signaling molecules.
3 citations
,
April 2024 in “Molecular Human Reproduction” Paxillin may help manage androgen-related disorders like PCOS by stabilizing androgen receptor proteins.
5 citations
,
November 2018 in “Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology” Ovarian Leydig cell tumors are hard to diagnose with just advanced imaging; expert ultrasound and clinical evaluation are essential.
1 citations
,
May 2018 in “Clinical chemistry” The girl's unexpected pubic hair growth led to a diagnosis different from complete androgen insensitivity syndrome.