September 2025 in “Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise” Gender-affirming hormone therapy and surgery affect gut bacteria differently.
March 2025 in “Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology” October 2025 in “Journal of Obstetric and Gynaecological Practices POGS” 1 citations
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January 2013 in “UNICA IRIS Institutional Research Information System (University of Cagliari)” Hormonal contraceptives may reduce social behavior and sexual motivation by lowering allopregnanolone levels.
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November 2003 in “Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences” Male hormones, or androgens, affect women's health in areas like mood and bone density, and hormone replacement therapy using antiandrogenic progestogens can improve mood disorders and alertness in menopausal women.
March 2014 in “Fertility and Sterility” The April 2014 issue of "Fertility and Sterility" discussed various reproductive health topics, including hormone therapy benefits, sperm and genetic factors in male infertility, and the link between PCOS and diabetes.
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December 1971 in “PubMed” December 2020 in “Research Square (Research Square)” Rare ovarian tumors can cause increased male hormones in postmenopausal women; surgery is an effective treatment.
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August 1992 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Finasteride doesn't affect hormone levels in normal men.
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January 2006 in “PubMed” Androgens and estrogens are crucial for male reproductive health, affecting hormone levels and tissue function.
April 2016 in “The FASEB Journal” Blocking androgen receptors early in life increases estrogen levels and reduces sexual motivation in male rats.
November 2023 in “L'Endocrinologo” Women with PCOS are more likely to experience sexual dysfunction, but lifestyle changes and weight loss can improve sexual function.
January 2024 in “Frontiers in endocrinology” Treating early puberty with hormone therapy may increase the risk of polycystic ovary syndrome in adults.
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August 2012 in “Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics” Finasteride can help induce ovulation and lead to a healthy birth in some women.
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November 2019 in “Archives of breast cancer” Some hormone treatments might raise breast cancer risk, while others don't seem to.
September 2024 in “Brazilian Journal of Case Reports” Clomiphene testing can help find ovarian causes of high testosterone in postmenopausal women.
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December 1996 in “The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology” Terazosin and finasteride together cause no major issues.
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October 1988 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” Leuprolide effectively reduces hair growth in hirsute women at higher doses.
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January 2017 in “Dermato-endocrinology” ADT-G may be a useful indicator of increased androgen levels in women with acne and can be lowered with certain birth control pills.
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September 2017 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” A multidisciplinary approach is crucial for safe and effective hormone treatment in gender-dysphoric individuals, with specific guidelines for adolescents and adults.
December 2022 in “Archives of Clinical Trials” Treating PCOS patients with HP HMG significantly raises the risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, needing careful dose management.
March 2024 in “BMC women's health” The levonorgestrel implant increases free testosterone and lowers SHBG more than DMPA-IM and the copper IUD.
Finasteride may affect female fertility by altering gene activity.
2 citations
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November 2025 in “Journal of Ovarian Research” Reducing granulosa cell pyroptosis may improve oocyte maturation in PCOS.
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February 2009 in “Journal of Neuroscience” Pregnancy increases certain GABAA receptors in rat brains, influenced by steroid levels.
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October 2014 in “Gynecological Endocrinology” Triptorelin helps evaluate hormone production in Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors.
August 2013 in “Fertility and Sterility” High levels of fatty acids are linked to increased androgen production and inflammation in women with PCOS, which may affect IVF outcomes.
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December 2021 in “Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine” Higher estrone-to-estradiol ratios are linked to worse glucose metabolism and insulin resistance in women with PCOS.
October 2015 in “药物不良反应杂志” Stopping the drug usually helps, but tamoxifen or surgery may be needed if symptoms persist.
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November 1998 in “The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology” Finasteride interacts with terazosin, but not doxazosin; caution needed.