January 2015 in “Side effects of drugs annual” The document concludes that sex hormones and related compounds have various effects on health, with both potential benefits and risks.
March 2020 in “European Journal of Pediatric Dermatology” Isotretinoin can cause gynecomastia by lowering testosterone levels.
July 2025 in “Reproductive Biology” Finasteride use in male rats may harm their male offspring's liver function.
Minoxidil may harm male reproductive health by causing testicular damage and hormonal disruption.
January 2025 in “Biomedicines” High testosterone levels can harm fertility by disrupting the LIF signaling pathway in the uterus.
July 2008 in “Planta Medica” Acanthus montanus extract harms fetal development and causes infertility in offspring.
4 citations
,
November 2018 in “Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism Case Reports” GnRH analogue can help diagnose ovarian causes of high testosterone in postmenopausal women when scans don't show the cause.
1 citations
,
February 2024 in “Pharmacognosy Journal” Fenugreek seed extract boosts testosterone and improves male reproductive health without heart side effects.
11 citations
,
September 2012 in “Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology Canada” Testosterone therapy seems safe for short-term use in postmenopausal women with low sexual desire, but more research on long-term effects is needed.
October 2024 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy resolved hyperandrogenism in a postmenopausal woman with rare ovarian tumors.
June 2024 in “Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety” Finasteride harms Daphnia magna's reproduction, growth, and metabolism.
3 citations
,
February 2017 in “Archives of Medical Science” Finasteride treatment changes Cx43 in rat testes, possibly causing fertility issues.
Finasteride affects prostate development differently in male and female Mongolian gerbils.
3 citations
,
October 2011 in “JAT. Journal of applied toxicology/Journal of applied toxicology” Doxazosin mesylate and saw palmetto cause genetic changes in fruit flies.
April 2019 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A woman's severe insulin resistance improved with treatment, but she still had high testosterone levels due to ovarian issues.
24 citations
,
May 1951 in “Endocrinology” Adrenocorticotropic hormone inhibits growth and affects body composition in male rats.
April 2020 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” An ovarian tumor caused a woman's male-like symptoms, which improved after surgery.
60 citations
,
December 1988 in “Journal of Biochemical Toxicology” TCDD reduces EGF receptors in the liver, affecting growth and development.
64 citations
,
August 2019 in “Circulation” ADT, especially enzalutamide, may increase the risk of heart rhythm problems and sudden death in men.
26 citations
,
March 1981 in “Clinical Endocrinology” Oestrogen does not affect adrenal androgen levels in children and adolescents.
June 2003 in “Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey” After chemotherapy for a gestational trophoblastic tumor, normal pregnancy rates are possible, but there's a slightly higher risk of the tumor reoccurring in future pregnancies.
2 citations
,
October 2015 in “Obstetrics and gynaecology cases - reviews” Removing both ovaries may better treat increased male hormone levels and related symptoms in postmenopausal women when hormone therapy doesn't work.
2 citations
,
May 2018 in “Diagnosis” A 68-year-old woman developed male traits due to a tumor in her ovary, which was removed, returning her hormone levels to normal.
9 citations
,
November 2014 in “Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism” A 15-year-old girl with rare reproductive disorders received hormone therapy to develop secondary sexual traits, but infertility persisted.
October 2025 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Anastrozole can cause increased testosterone, leading to symptoms like hair growth and thinning.
November 2022 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A woman's masculine features were caused by a rare ovarian tumor that produced male hormones.
January 2003 in “Journal für Kardiologie (Krause & Pachernegg GmbH)” Testosterone therapy can improve skin and hair in men with low testosterone but may cause skin irritation with certain treatments.
5 citations
,
January 2024 in “BMC Cancer” Anthracycline and taxane chemotherapy cause significant side effects like fatigue, vomiting, nausea, nerve damage, joint pain, and hair loss in breast cancer patients.
1 citations
,
January 2011 in “Brunel University Research Archive (BURA) (Brunel University London)” Dutasteride likely doesn't harm wild fish due to low environmental levels, but more research is needed on bioaccumulation.
43 citations
,
January 2016 in “International Journal of Andrology” Finasteride caused long-term sexual and non-sexual side effects in young men with hair loss.