75 citations
,
January 2014 in “Korean Journal of Urology” 5α-reductase inhibitors can cause sexual problems, higher risk of aggressive prostate cancer, and depression.
18 citations
,
January 2002 in “Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin/Chemical and pharmaceutical bulletin” New pregnane derivatives were more effective than finasteride at inhibiting a key enzyme for male pattern baldness.
November 2020 in “Elsevier eBooks” Antiandrogens and androgen inhibitors like spironolactone, finasteride, and dutasteride can treat hair loss and skin conditions, but they have risks and side effects, including potential harm to pregnant women and risks of cancer and heart issues. Herbal remedies also have antiandrogenic effects but lack safety validation.
9 citations
,
July 2023 in “Hypertension” Gender-affirming hormone therapy may increase heart disease risk in transgender individuals.
1 citations
,
July 2024 in “Frontiers in Pharmacology” The woman delivered a healthy baby boy despite taking spironolactone during pregnancy.
2 citations
,
January 2004 in “Korean Journal of Andrology”
March 2010 in “The Journal of Urology” Hair loss, prostate size, and urinary issues are related due to androgen effects.
1 citations
,
January 2023 in “Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology” High DHEA and short cervical length in women with PCOS and recurrent miscarriages may harm pregnancy outcomes.
5 citations
,
July 1994 in “PubMed” Finasteride, when taken daily, lowers dihydrotestosterone levels but doesn't noticeably affect adrenal steroid production, except by blocking the 5 alpha-reductase enzyme.
September 2018 in “Fertility and Sterility” High levels of testosterone and anti-Müllerian hormone before pregnancy are linked to a higher risk of newborns needing intensive care.
28 citations
,
January 2009 in “Cellular & Molecular Biology Letters” DHT deficiency increases iNOS expression in rat testis and epididymis.
306 citations
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August 2011 in “Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle” Enobosarm significantly increased muscle mass and improved physical function in elderly men and postmenopausal women without serious side effects.
1 citations
,
September 2025 in “The Oncologist” Effective management of side effects is crucial for safe use of sacituzumab govitecan in advanced breast cancer treatment.
35 citations
,
November 1989 in “Journal of steroid biochemistry/Journal of Steroid Biochemistry” Epitestosterone may act as a weak antiandrogen and can inhibit an enzyme involved in testosterone metabolism.
13 citations
,
May 2007 in “Journal of Endocrinology” Synthetic 19-norprogestins promote bone cell growth and function through their non-phenolic metabolites.
1 citations
,
May 2024 in “The Journal of Sexual Medicine” Clomiphene Citrate can quickly restore fertility in some men after long-term steroid abuse.
31 citations
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January 2017 in “Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology” Low testosterone and 5α-reductase inhibitors can harm men's metabolic and sexual health; testosterone therapy may help, but discussing 5α-RIs' side effects is important.
June 2021 in “Reactions Weekly” Finasteride caused serious side effects and led to six suicides.
Some drugs can reduce male semen quality.
20 citations
,
January 2007 in “Fertility and Sterility” A woman developed male traits from accidental contact with her husband's testosterone gel.
21 citations
,
January 2008 in “Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism” Anastrozole and cyproterone acetate treatment can help increase adult height in boys with testotoxicosis.
5 citations
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November 2015 in “Journal of Mind and Medical Sciences” Finasteride can cause serious physical, mental, and sexual side effects, even after stopping the treatment.
82 citations
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February 1989 in “The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Journal of clinical endocrinology & metabolism” A three-month treatment with a GnRH agonist significantly lowered androgen levels and 5α-reductase activity in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia.
August 2004 in “Medisch-Farmaceutische Mededelingen” Long-term use of finasteride may cause breast cancer in men.
December 1990 in “PubMed” Hirsutism and androgenetic alopecia in women are often due to increased androgen effects, and antiandrogen treatment is recommended to prevent further issues.
30 citations
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April 2002 in “Archives of Dermatology” Finasteride can cause one-sided breast enlargement, which disappears after stopping the drug.
18 citations
,
February 2016 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Advancements in male reproductive medicine are ongoing, but more research and improved treatments are needed in several areas.
6 citations
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January 2020 in “The Aging Male” Testosterone replacement therapy improved blood sugar and fat levels without raising prostate cancer risk in Japanese men with low testosterone.
Testosterone pellets may help women's sexual function but have safety concerns and need more research.
October 2025 in “Medicine” A potential link exists between unexplained hormone deficiency, hair loss, and testicular tumors, suggesting thorough screening is needed.