35 citations
,
October 2011 in “Medicine and science in sports and exercise” Muscles can make their own androgens, which may help muscle growth.
3 citations
,
April 2016 in “Clinical and Experimental Obstetrics & Gynecology” Young female athletes should be informed about health risks like menstrual issues and bone problems from excessive sports.
92 citations
,
November 2003 in “The Journals of Gerontology” Testosterone supplements can increase muscle mass and strength in older men with low levels, but long-term effects and risks need more research.
Men with early-onset hair loss are less responsive to bromocriptine's heart and metabolism benefits.
January 2024 in “International Journal of Medical and Exercise Science” A structured exercise program significantly improved the physical and mental well-being of young women with PCOS.
6 citations
,
August 2018 in “BMJ open sport and exercise medicine” Resistance training might help with PCOS symptoms, but more research is needed.
December 2024 in “Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition” Creatine monohydrate is safe and effective for muscle recovery and performance, especially for those with low creatine levels.
2 citations
,
May 2019 in “운동과학” Resistance exercise can reduce muscle protein issues caused by finasteride.
March 2026 in “International Journal of Innovative Technologies in Social Science” Exercise helps improve symptoms and mental health in women with PCOS.
98 citations
,
May 2020 in “Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology” Exercise, especially vigorous aerobic and resistance training, can improve hormone levels in women with PCOS.
January 2021 in “Victoria University Research Repository (Victoria University)” High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is better than moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) for improving health in overweight women with PCOS.
19 citations
,
April 2015 in “Stem Cells” Pro-IGF-II improves muscle repair in old mice.
May 2004 in “Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise” Over-training and under-eating caused weight gain, resolved by increasing calories and adjusting exercise.
May 2004 in “Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise” Over-training and under-eating caused weight gain, resolved by increasing calories and adjusting exercise.
2 citations
,
December 2014 in “Bangladesh Medical Journal” Performance-enhancing drug use in sports is unethical, risky, and remains a major problem despite testing efforts.
1 citations
,
October 2010 in “Pediatrics in review” Some alternative therapies might help treat eating disorders when combined with standard care, but more research is needed to confirm their safety and effectiveness.
21 citations
,
September 2013 in “Journal of circadian rhythms” Intense exercise at night can delay the body's internal clock gene expression by 2 to 4 hours.
1 citations
,
January 2016 in “cIRcle (University of British Columbia)” Exercise can be beneficial in treating eating disorders if personalized and supportive.
2 citations
,
April 2019 in “Journal of Internal Medicine” Men using steroids or finasteride to look more attractive may harm their fertility and sexual function, creating a paradox where they seem fit but may be less able to reproduce.
11 citations
,
March 2016 in “Translational Andrology and Urology” Nandrolone might increase muscle mass with fewer side effects than testosterone but could cause erectile dysfunction and needs more research.
March 2026 in “Quality in Sport” Red light therapy can boost athletic performance and aid healing.
May 2022 in “Голова и шея.” Essential oils can boost athletic performance by improving brain function and muscle relaxation.
306 citations
,
August 2011 in “Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle” Enobosarm significantly increased muscle mass and improved physical function in elderly men and postmenopausal women without serious side effects.
4 citations
,
December 2020 in “Current sports medicine reports” Athletes usually get enough vitamins and minerals from a healthy diet, and supplements are only needed for those with actual deficiencies.
August 2015 in “Europe PMC (PubMed Central)” Using body measurements can help achieve good results in plastic surgery like reshaping the torso, but it doesn't work for all body types.
9 citations
,
May 2024 in “Journal of Clinical & Translational Endocrinology” Gender affirming hormone therapy improves outcomes in gender affirmation surgery.
January 2025 in “HORMONES” Gender-affirming hormone treatments need better patient-focused outcome measurements and standardized data collection.
3 citations
,
March 2018 in “Ars Pharmaceutica (Internet)” Anabolic agents can cause cardiovascular and behavioral issues in athletes.
27 citations
,
February 2020 in “Journal of Cardiovascular Translational Research” Women generally handle heart enlargement better than men, but it's riskier for them if it occurs; hormones like estrogen offer some protection.
March 2017 in “Iraqi Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences” Abuse of anabolic steroids in Iraqi athletes leads to negative effects on hormones, liver and kidney function, blood sugar, and cholesterol levels.